1886. ] BOTANICAL GAZETTE. 113 
inus sambucifolia, Ulmus Americana, Fagus ferruginea, Betula 
papyracea, Betula lutea, Populus tremuloides, Populus grandi- 
dentata, Thuja occidentalis, Picea alba, Picea nigra, Tsuga Cana- 
densis, Abies balsamea, and Larix Americana. 
Alnus viridis was very abundant, while, in the bogs, was 
found Ledum latifolium, and Rhamnus alnifolius, the latter with 
its black berries, bearing a close resemblance to the buckthorn, 
Rhamnus catharticus, of our hedges. 
ne of the first expeditions was to the ledges on the steep 
sides of Willoughby Mt., whither I had often wandered in fancy, 
as I read in the Manual of “Arabis petra, Willoughby Mt., 
Vermont, H. Mann,” “ Primula Mistassinica, Willoughby js ag 
and I longed to see and collect the plants for myself. 
The cliffs of Willoughby Mt. rise sheer and straight for many 
hundred feet above the lake and their base is only reached by a 
ard scramble of about an hour’s duration, up a very steep ascent 
over bowlders and fallen trees and, in places, through a dense 
undergrowth. This slope is heavily wooded from the water’s 
edge almost to the very base of the cliffs. Land slides are not 
infrequent, and it is easier to climb up their rocky beds over the 
loose rocks and crumbling stones than to push through the woods. 
In the rich soil at the base of the mountain we found Allium tri- 
ling down the ledges, keep them wet. _ In the chinks and crevices 
within our reach and too often, to our disappointment, far beyond, 
Srows a rich and attractive flora. : 
Scattered here and there on the dripping ledges were bright 
Yellow patches of the beautiful yellow mountain saxifrage, Saxi- 
raga aizoides, while its near relative, the little Saxifraga OpPy, 
Sitifolia modestly clothed the rocks with its small patches o 
