254 BOTANICAL GAZETTE. (Oe 
V. palmata L. In the year 1856, in the second edition of my | 
Manual, this was combined with V. cucullata, following the- 
general conviction of our botanists; repeated studies during 
thirty years confirm the opinion. But V. cucullata Ait. ought to 
have been referred, as an entire-leaved variety, to the Linnean 
V. palmata. I am the more constrained to do so now by the 
fact that the name cucullata would have to give way to the much 
earlier-published V. obliqua Hill, well figured and unmistakable 
in his Hortus Kewensis. To the various synonyms already ad- 
duced to the more or less cut-leaved forms of this multifarious 
and widely diffused species, I have only to add that of V. digi- 
tata Pursh, as suggested above. 
ar. cucullata, the V. eweullata of Aiton (1789) and V. obliqua 
Hill (1769), with abundant synonymy, is characterized only neg- 
atively by the absence of cut leaves, and every one of its many 
forms is liable to have them, most so those which affect dry or 
sandy soil. Yet they have not been found at either the most 
northern or the farthest western limits of the species. 
V. sagittata Ait. Generally well-marked as this is, yet it 
appears to be confluent on one hand into typical V. palmata, on 
the other into the var. cucullata. 
* * Rootstocks thickish and creeping, stoloniferous, comparatively 
‘large-flowered : corolla blue or violet, with white varieties; lateral petals usu- 
ally bearded ; spur short and saccate: leaves cordate and merely crenulate. 
V. Langsdorffii Fischer in DC. Arctic Alaska to Brit. Co- 
lumbia, extending, I believe, to the Sierra Nevada in the state 
evada. Quite distinct, as Maximowicz insists, from the more 
-eaulescent V. mirabilis, 
V. odorata L., the Sweet Violet of the Old World, beginning 
to be naturalized. 
* * Rootstocks long and filiform (not thickened nor scaly except at 
base of old flowering growths), extensively creeping underground, sometimes 1? 
summer along the surface in shade, leaf-mould, etc. 
+ Corolla blue or purple, large-spurred, beardless. 
V. Selkirkii Pursh, fide Goldie. Our identification of 4 . 
‘northern species with V. Kamtschatica of Gingius in DC., an 
with V. wmbrosa of Fries, appears to be confirmed. Few botan- 
‘ists are aware that John Goldie, the first describer of this marked © 
‘Species, and of several other Canadian plants, lived down to te 
‘present summer, dying at a great age, at Ayr, Ontario, June 
“+ -+ Corolla blue or purple, short-spurred, smaller. 
ee *See sketch of Goldie’s life, p. 272, this number, 
