1886.] BOTANICAL GAZETTE. 311 
The piece A can be raised or lowered and fixed at any point so that various 
degrees of enlargement in the drawing are secured. Upon the stage I have a 
piece of plate glass 1} >< 3 in. upon which my dissections are usually made. 
A space in the center of this glass slip is ruled to millimeters, twenty-five 
millimeters each way. This ruling, as made for me by J. W. Queen & Co., 
does not interfere at all with the work of dissecting, while it enables one to 
measure in the easiest possible way any object on the plate, and in making the 
drawings the scale of enlargement is always before you and can be noted in a 
moment. The slip of glass is held to the stage by spring clips which are at- 
tached to the stage but are not shown in the fi 
In making drawings for photo-engraving it is essential that the lines be 
black. For this purpose Higgins’ American drawing ink is very good. 
excellent pen for very fine work is No. 1459 of Keuffel & Esser. 
F. Lamson SCRIBNER. 
Plan for laboratory work in Chemical Botany.*—Chemistry furnishes 
The chemical study of a plant includes not 
Two years ago when I saw Prof. Goodale repeat Piefler’s experiment of putting 
together certain constituents and building up a cell, T also saw that cell form 
was not fundamental, but that construction lay back of form and determined it 
Form is a property of a substance, so to speak. Ii this is so, even the study of 
anatomy falls under chemistry and it determines how a plant shall be in- 
vestigated. 
_ Organic chemistry has two departments. As aspecial and not an inclusive 
subject, it investigates elements and compounds in tk emselyes and in their re- 
i . When a study is 
erally termed life, botany has been entered upon. 
ment of organic chemistry termed the proximate analysis of plants is divisible. 
One of its subdivisions really belongs to botany and should be relegated to it. 
+. = 3} POE § +} t rf ] } } thas: 
ATL + L 
VAAL VEE Lia y 
donein A ical 
the various compound 
their relation to the plant. 
I ) being 
t alone imperf lts but methods. The chemist extracts 
s from the plants and examines them without regard to 
The botanist does little better. With the highest 
many of the constituents of the plant. 
wo modes of in- 
vestigation, that is, 
panied by a micro-chemical study. 
quantity of the more important constituents 
in its various tissues. The comparative study that is then 
is prepared to trace these substances 
possible needs no 
emphasis, 
On page 179 of the July number of the BoranrcaL Gazette I gave a 
d micro-chemical work are combined. 
scheme of analysis in which macro- an : 
f that scheme will be necessary 
* Read before the A. A. A. §., Buffalo meeting, 1886. 
