16 MR. A. R. WALLACE ON THE PAPILIONIDÆ 
In the Polydorus-group two species, P. Antiphus and P. Diphilus, inhabiting India 
and the Indian region, are tailed, while the two which take their place in the Moluccas, 
New Guinea, and Australia, P. Polydorus and P. Leodamas, are destitute of tail, the 
species furthest east having lost this ornament the most completely. 
Western species, tailed. Eastern species (closely allied), less tailed. 
Papilio Pammon (India). . . . . tailed. ^ P. Thesus (islands). . . . very short tail. 
P. Agamemnon, var. (India) . . . tailed. P. Agamemnon, var. (islands) not tailed. 
P. Antiphus (India, Java) . . . . tailed. P. Polydorus (Moluccas) . not tailed. 
P. Diphilus (India, Java) . . . .tailed. ^ P. Leodamas (New Guinea) . not tailed. 
'The most conspicuous instance of local modification of form, however, is exhibited in 
the island of Celebes, which in this respect, as in some others, stands alone and isolated 
in the whole archipelago. Almost every species of Papilio inhabiting Celebes has the 
wings of a peculiar shape, which distinguishes them at a glance from the allied species of 
every other island. "This peculiarity consists, first, in the upper wings being generally 
more elongate and faleate; and secondly, in the costa or anterior margin being much 
more curved, and in most instances exhibiting near the base an abrupt bend or elbow, 
which in some species is very conspicuous. This peculiarity is visible, not only when 
the Celebesian species are compared with their small-sized allies of Java and Borneo, but 
also, and in an almost equal degree, when the large forms of Amboyna and the Moluccas 
are the objects of comparison, showing that this is quite a distinct phenomena from the 
difference of size which has just been pointed out. 
In the following Table I have arranged the chief Papilios of Celebes in the order in 
which they exhibit this characteristic form most prominently. (See Plate VIII.) 
Papilios of Celebes, having the wings falcate Closely allied Papilios of the surrounding islands, with 
or with abruptly curved costa. ess falcate wings and slightly curved costa. 
1. P. Gigon, n. s. P. Demolion (Java). 
2. P. Telephus, n. s. P. Jason (Sumatra). 
3. P. Miletus, n. s. P. Sarpedon (Moluccas, Java). 
4. P. Agamemnon, var. P. Agamemnon, var. ( Borneo). 
5. P. Macedon, n. s. P. Peranthus (Java). 
6. P. Ascalaphus. P. Deiphontes, n. s. (Gilolo). 
7. P. Hecuba, n. s. . P. Helenus (Java). 
8. P. Blumei. P. Brama (Sumatra). 
9. P. Androcles. P. Antiphates (Borneo). 
10. P. Rhesus. 3 P. Aristæus (Moluccas). 
11. P. Theseus, var., 3. P. Thesus, 4 (J ava), 
12. P. Codrus, var. P. Codrus (Moluccas). 
13. P. Encelades. P. Leucothoë (Malacca). 
It thus appears that every species of Papilio exhibits this peculiar form in a greater or 
less degree, except one, P. Polyphontes, Bd., allied to P. Diphilus of India and P. Polydorus 
of the Moluccas. This fact I shall recur to again, as I think it helps us to Re 
something of the causes that may have brought about the phenomenon we are considerin 
Neither do the genera Ornithoptera and Leptocireus exhibit any traces of this ‘cattle 
form. In several other families of Butterflies this characteristic form reappears in a few 
species. In the Pieridæ the following species exhibit it distinctly :— 
