20 MR. A. R. WALLACE ON THE PAPILIONIDÆ 
Mimickers *. Species mimicked. Common habitat. 
Daxainz. 
1. Papilio paradoxa, Zink,d . . . Euplaa Fr 0.0 Ro rer. 
— De UT ee SM US pv r.c. aS 
2, —— West. . . :' ;". E.Rhadamanthus . . . . . Sumatra, &c. 
SP Ou mem v DuBorneo. 
4 P.Thule Wal. o . . . . . Danais sobrina, Bd, .. . . . New Guinea. 
5. P. Macareus, Godt. . . . . . D. Aglaia, Cr. . . . . . . Malacca, Java. 
GAP. Apestor GO... Di ORG...» a «>, Northern India. 
7. P. ideoides, Hewits. . . . . . Hestia Leuconoé, Erichs. . . . Philippines. 
Bor mE ON. ... s. HEURE. - vu . ..., Penang. 
Morpuip2. 
9. P. Pandion, Mall., l . . . . . Drusilla bioculata, Guér. . . . New Guinea. 
ParıLıo (Poryporus- and Coon-groups). 
10. P. Pammon, L. (Romulus, L.),? . Papilio Hector, L. . . . India. 
ll. P. Theseus, Cr., var., 9 .. . . . P.Antiphus Fab. . . . . . Sumatra, Borneo. 
12. P. Theseus, Cr. var,9 . . . . P. Diphilus, Esp. . . . . . Sumatra, Java. 
13. P. Memnon, var. Achates, Q9 . . P, Coon, Fab. . . . . . . Sumatra. 
14. P. Androgeus, var. 4chates,9 . P. Doubledayi, Wall . . . . Northern India. 
ae ee enon, God, ys. P avis; God. Aa r .U Tumor. 
We have therefore fifteen species or marked varieties of Papilio which so closely 
resemble species of other groups in their respective localities, that it is not possible to 
impute the resemblance to accident. The first two in the list (Papilio paradoxa and P. 
Caunus) are so exactly like Huplea Midamus and E. Rhadamanthus on the wing, that, 
although they fly very slowly, I was quite unable to distinguish them. The first is a 
very interesting case, because the male and female differ considerably, and each mimics 
the corresponding sex of the Zuplea. A new species of Papilio which I discovered in 
New Guinea resembles Danais sobrina, Bd., from the same country, just as Papilio 
Macareus resembles Danais Aglaia in Malacca, and (according to Dr. Horsfield's figure) 
still more closely in Java. The Indian Papilio Agestor closely imitates Danais Tytia, 
which has quite a different style of colouring from the preceding ; and the extraordinary | 
Papilio idæoides from the Philippine Islands must, when on the wing, perfectly resemble 
the Hestia Leuconoé of the same region, as also does the P. Delessertii, Guér., imitate an 
undescribed species of Hestia from Penang. Now in every one of these cases the Papilios 
are very scarce, while the Danaid which they resemble are exceedingly abundant—most 
Fi Ds" as to ‚be a positive nuisance to the collecting entomologist by con- - 
ly | g before him when he is in search of newer and more varied captures. - 
Every garden, every roadside, the suburbs of every village are full of them, indicating | 
* The terms “mimicry” and  mimickers ” 
have b bject : S 
on the part of the insects, This Mee: een objected to on the ground that they imply voluntary action — 
a me of little importance compared wi h é E 
flexibility, : : pared with the advantages of convenience, — 
we E ipo par: "Dess which they undoubtedly possess, especially as the whole theory propounded by the | 
or va ; : in this sense excludes all idea of voluntary action. The only approximately synonymous words, | 
ibl = g^ ; are resemblance, similarity, and likeness; and it is evident that none of these can be applied intelli- 
v acer MORE required, and to which Mr. Bates PP 
and wide discussi : | 
nothing would var = on. must be already very generally understood, and I think it will be admitted that — 
y altering it, even if a better word were pointed out, which has not yet been done. | 
