32 MR. A. R. WALLACE ON THE PAPILIONIDÆ 
of the oldest parts of the archipelago, that it has been formerly more completely isolated 
both from India and from Australia than it is now, and that, amid all the mutations it 
has undergone, a relie or substratum of the fauna and flora of some more ancient land 
has been here preserved to us. | 
It is only since my return home, and since I have been able to compare the productions 
of Celebes side by side with those of the surrounding islands, that I have been fully im- 
pressed with their peculiarity, and the great interest that attaches to them. The plants 
and the reptiles are still almost unknown; and it is to be hoped that some enterprising 
naturalist may soon devote himself to their study. The geology of the country would 
also be well worth exploring, and its recent fossils would be of especial interest as elu- 
cidating the changes which have led to its present anomalous condition. This island 
stands, as it were, upon the boundary-line between two worlds. On one side is that 
ancient Australian fauna which preserves to the present day the facies of an early geolo- 
gical epoch; on the other is the rich and varied fauna of Asia, which seems to contain, | 
in every class and order, the most perfect and highly organized animals. Celebes has 
relations to both, yet strictly belongs to neither; it possesses characteristics which are 
altogether its own; and I am convinced that no single island upon the globe would so : 
well repay a careful and detailed research into its past and present history. 
In the following catalogue of the Malayan species of Papilionidæ I have included those 
from Woodlark Island, collected by M. Montrouzier, as that island comes fairly within 
the limits of the archipelago ; while I exclude New Caledonia as belonging more to the 
Australian and Pacific fauna. I have given full particulars of the variation of the 
several species, and have described all new species, forms, varieties, and undescribed 
sexes. The distribution of each species is noted chiefly from my own observations*. As 
the full synonymy and references to almost every work on Lepidoptera are given in the « 
British Museum List of Papilionidæ, I have not thought it necessary to do more than - 
to refer to a good figure and description in well-known works; and I have quoted Bois- | 
duval’s * Species Général des Lépidoptéres’ throughout. In all cases, however, where I 
have myself corrected the synonymy, or determined sexes which had been before im- . 
properly located, I have given much fuller references. 
1 have found it necessary to describe and name twenty new species, and to separate … 
SIX or seven more which have been hitherto considered as varieties or sexes of other - 
species. I have also described and separated twenty-five local forms or races, and 
twenty polymorphous forms or sexes, as well as several simple varieties. On the other 
hand, I have reduced fourteen species, which figure in some of our latest lists, to the 
rank of sexes or local or polymorphic forms of other species. For convenience of reference, 
I add a list of these, with a reference to the page where will be found the reasons for 
not adopting them. | 
Ornithoptera Pronomus, G. R. Gray,— O. Poseidon, Db. (var.), p. 36. 
Ornithoptera Archideus, G. R. Gray,— O. Poseidon, Db. 
Ornithoptera Euphorion, G. R. Gray,— O. Poseidon, Db. 
kie sni Amphimedon, Cr., =O. Helena, L. ©, p. 38. 
RR. | egemon, G. R. Gray, =P. Polyphontes, Bd., p. 43. 
pecies collected by myself have (Wall.) after the localities where I have found them. + 
(var.), p. 36. 
(9 var.), p. 36. 
