——a E E 
OF THE MALAYAN REGION. 49 
Remark.—As has been already noticed (p. 22), the female of this species closely 
resembles P. Liris 2, in company with which it was captured. 
g. Helenus group. 
52. PAPILIO SEVERUS, Cramer. 
P. Severus, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 227. f. A, B (d), t. 278. f. A, B (2); Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 212. 
Hab. Bouru, Ceram, Amboyna, Gilolo, Batchian, Aru Isl. (Wall.). 
Remarks.—This species exhibits a large amount of simple variation, in the presence 
or absence of a pale patch on the uppers, in the brown submarginal marks on the lower 
wings, in the form and extent of the yellow band, and in the size of the specimens. The 
most extreme forms, as well as the intermediate ones, are often found in one locality and 
in company with each other, indicating that over the above range continual intermixture 
probably takes place, and thus prevents any one form from becoming specialized in a 
restricted area. The two following modifications of it, however, have acquired perfect 
stability, each in a large island situated on the extreme limits of the species. I therefore 
consider them to be distinct, though the actual differences are but small. 
53. PAPILIO PERTINAX, n. s. Tab. V. fig. 4 (2). 
Upper side: anterior wings rather more elongate and pointed than in P. Severus, dusky 
brown, with faint longitudinal rows of yellow scales in the cell, and with rather denser 
scales between the nervures beyond it; these are condensed into a narrow yellowish band 
parallel to the outer margin, and rather nearer to the cell than to it. Hind wings black, 
with three yellowish white subquadrate spots (the upper one smallest) situate between 
the outer angle and the discoidal nervule; beyond these and continued to the anal angle 
are a few very faint and minute groups of scales. 
Under side as above, but the transverse band on the upper wings is whiter, and on the 
lower wings are seven submarginal brownish-yellow lunules, the middle ones least marked, 
and those at the outer and anal angles having above them a very small group of minute 
blue scales. 
The female is paler-coloured, with the markings rather more diffused, and has on 
the under side an imperfect ocellus at the anal angle, a row of faint brown lunules 
extending to the three white spots, and two irregular lunules of blue atoms below those 
next the abdominal margin. 
Expanse of wings, ¢, 44 inches; 9, 5 inches. 
Hab. Macassar (Celebes) (Wall.). 
Remark.—This species was rather abundant near Macassar, in woody places, and was 
very constant in its markings and general aspect. 
94. PAPILIO ALBINUS, n. s. Tab. y. fig. 5 (a). 
Wings broader than in 2. Severus, costa less arched, tail smaller, and the caudal mar- 
gin less produced. 
Upper side brown-black ; anterior wings with very faint horizontal lines of yellowish 
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