puske] 
X. Descriptions of Fifty-two New Species of Phasmidæ from the Collection of 
Mr. W. WILSON SAUNDERS, with Remarks on the Family. 
By HENRY WALTER Bates, Esq. 
(Plates XLIV. & XLV.) 
Read June 15th, 1865. 
DURING the six years which have elapsed since the appearance of the excellent 
Monograph of the Phasmidæ by Professor Westwood, published under the title 
of a ‘Catalogue’ -by the authorities of the British Museum, the cabinets of London 
have been enriched by the acquisition of a large number of new species in this 
group. This has been more particularly the case with regard to the extensive col- 
lection of Mr. W. Wilson Saunders; and the present memoir owes its existence to 
the desire of that gentleman to make them known to science in a connected form, so that 
the descriptions may serve as a supplement to the Monograph. In so difficult a family 
as the Phasmidæ every EE acquisition serves to throw light on the limits of species and 
genera and their classifi questions still in a very debateable condition, owing to the 
insufficiency of material. The new species have been received chiefly from the islands 
of the Eastern archipelago, through the researches of Mr. Wallace, who had not yet 
finished his labours when the Monograph of Professor Westwood appeared—from Cam- 
bodia, collected by the late M. Mouhot—from South-eastern Africa by M. Guenzius, 
Mr. Gerard, and others—from Ceylon, by M. Nietner—and from the Amazons, brought 
home by myself. The Phasmidæ are generally insects of great rarity and circumscribed 
in the range of their species, so that many, doubtless, still remain to be discovered in 
tropical countries. The progress of our knowledge of the group has been rapid. Thus 
. in 1839, when Serville published his work on orthopterous insects, with the command of 
the principal collections of France, the total number of species he could find to describe 
was only 58; four years previously, Mr. G. R. Gray enumerated 108 species as all that 
had been described ; Burmeister in 1839 (in the 2nd volume of his * Handbuch’), making 
use of the Berlin collections, described 61; soon afterwards De Haan, in his work on 
the Entomology of the Dutch possessions, added 40 hew species; Westwood, in his 
Monograph (1859), increased the number of described species to 471; since then 17 
have been published by various authors *, which, added to the 52 described in this memoir, 
make a total of 540 Phasmide now known to science. 
* 1, Bacillus (Baculus) Humberti, Toka Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr. 1861, p. 469 i 3 Ceylon. 
2. Bacillus (Baculus) ramosus, Sauss. l. c. p. 127 . : 1 i Brazil. 
3. Bacteria emortualis, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. de a Bb oc ds ; ‘Bahia. 
.4. Bacteria longimana, Sauss. l. e. . ‘ En ; i i Bahia. 
5. Bacteria spinigera, Sauss./.c. . =- . i ‘ vs ; i ESQ Brazil. 
VOL. XXV. 7 Ig 
