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MR. ST. G. MIVART ON THE ANATOMY OF ECHIDNA HYSTRIX. 891 
aspera, elosely connected with the adjacent surface of the upper part of the insertion of 
the adductor brevis and with the inner surface of the lowest part of that of the iliacus. 
I could find no distinct adductor longus’. 
The adductor brevis (Plate LIII. fig. 1, A.B) arises from the base of the marsupial bone 
and from the whole symphysis pubis (its origin being almost conterminous with, and 
quite covered by, that of the gracilis), and is inserted, in common with the adductor 
magnus, into the linea aspera and internal condyle of the femur. 
The adductor magnus (Plate LIII. fig. 1, A.M) is but of very moderate size; it arises 
(covered by the semimembranosus) from the tuberosity of the ischium, and is inserted 
into the very prominent linea aspera and, by a very strong tendon, into the internal 
condyle. At its insertion it is intimately blended with the adductor brevis. 
Rectus femoris (Plate LIII. figs. 1 & 2, n).—This arises, as usual, from the part of 
the ilium which corresponds to the anterior inferior spinous process of Man ; and pass- 
ing downwards is inserted into the patella. 
Vastus externus (Plate LIII. fig. 2, v.x).—This muscle arises from the whole outer 
surface of the front of the femur, from the very neck of the bone down almost to the 
external condyle, also from the depression between the head of the femur and the margin 
ofthe great trochanter. Joining the rectus femoris it is inserted into the patella. 
The vastus internus (Plate LIII. fig. 1, v.1) arises from the whole inner surface of the 
front of the femur, from the neck of the bone down to the internal condyle, and from 
the depression anterior and external to the margin of the lesser trochanter. Joining 
the rectus it is also inserted into the patella. 
Gluteus maximus (Plate LIII. figs. 1 & 2, G.Mx).—There is a very large sheet of 
muscle which appears undoubtedly to represent the gluteus maximus; it arises, by 
aponeurosis, from the last sacral and the greater number of coccygeal vertebræ, and is, 
at its hinder margin, closely connected with the posterior part of the panniculus carnosus. 
The fibres converge, and the muscle, becoming thicker, passes to the ankle, where it is 
inserted for the most part into the lower half of the posterior surface of the tibia on its 
peroneal aspect, also into the ankle on the peroneal side of the tendon of the tibialis 
posticus. Some fibres also appear to pass to the front of the foot. 
Gluteus medius (Plate LIII. fig. 2, c.wn).—There is a second muscle placed beneath 
the last described, but intimately connected with it at its origin, which arises, also by 
aponeurosis, from the spines of a few of the most anterior of those vertebræ which give 
origin to the muscle last described. It is inserted by a strong tendon into the lowest 
part of that long ridge, developed from the femur, which appears to be a great trochanter 
united with a third trochanter. 
It may perhaps be that this muscle is a second and deeper portion of the gluteus max- 
imus, especially as it is inserted into what appears to represent à third trochanter. If 
Such be the true interpretation, it would represent that part of the human gluteus maz- 
imus which is inserted into the femur, while the preceding muscle would answer to that 
Portion of it which ends in the fascia lata. 
1 Meckel, lae. cit. p- 29, says that in the Ornithorhynchus there are two adductors arising from the pubis, but does 
not speak of one arising from the tuberosity of the ischium. Y 
I 
