500 DR. LINDSAY ON NEW-ZEALAND LICHENS, 
Apothecia frequently degenerate, consisting of pale or flesh-coloured irregular granulose 
buttons or tubercles, the disk having fallen away, leaving only the hypertrophied hypo- 
thecium. Spermogones sparingly distributed. ' 
There are, I think, no sufficient characters for separating Richardii and linearis as 
varieties, and still less as species; they are mere conditions, characterized by different 
size and division of thallus. Moreover all forms of S. fossulata so greatly resemble in 
all their essential characters the variations of our British S. pulmonacea, Ach., that I am 
disposed to refer them to a single species. „S. fossulata is even commoner in New Zea- 
land than S. pulmonacea is in our forests and woods; and it there appears to take the 
place of the latter, which is a northern form or species. In the Dunedin district of Otago, 
S. fossulata is one of the commonest Sticte ; and the forms, which have narrow linear 
thalline segments, are sometimes among the most elegant Stictæ to be found in any part 
of the world. So close do I consider the alliance between S. fossulata and S. pulmonacea, 
that I think it probable the southern may be employed for the same purposes in the arts 
or in medicine as the northern form (if the economical applications of the latter plant are 
now considered of the slightest importance). To S. fossulata belong various Sticte, sent 
me by Dr. Hooker in 1856, or which occur in the Kew Herbarium, under the names :— 
1. S. impressa, Tayl. [Linds. Spermog. p. 198, plate x. fig. 26. ] 
2. S. carpoloma, Del. [Linds. Spermog. l. c.; Bab. L. N. Z. p. 12, plate exxvi. | 
3. S. foveolata, Dél. [Bab. L. N. Z. p. 14, plate cxxiv. | 
4. S. cellulifera, Tayl. [Bab. L. N. Z. p. 14, plate cxxiv.| 
6. Sub nom. S. impressa, Tayl. N. Z.; Dr. Hooker, Antarctic Expedition 1839-43: 
(fig. 4:) in my herbarium: abundantly in fruit and spermogoniferous. 
Spores ellipsoid, 1-septate, dark brown, sometimes so dark and granular that the septum 
is invisible. Iodine has the effect of increasing the intensity or depth of this brown 
colour, and consequently adding to the obscurity of the septum. Thecæ obovate. Apo- 
thecia sometimes with a pitchy-black colour, in the absence of the growth of Oelidium or 
other parasite. Spermogones cover the transverse rugæ of the thallus as very minute, 
depressed, brown points, which are the ostioles leading to the immersed bodies. 
7. Sub nom. $. linearis, Hook. & Tayl. Tasmania; Dr. Hooker, Antarct. Exped. : in 
my herbarium. The spermogones are exactly those of No. 6. The thallus in both cases 
is narrow, and approaches the linearis-character. In the New Zealand plant, however, 
the under surface of the thallus is pale buff-coloured, smoothish, though marked by reti- 
culated rugæ or by granular projections, but without any fur or cyphellæ ; whereas in 
the Tasmanian plant the colour is dark brown, especially centrally, the surface is sub- 
pilose and granulose, with distinct white pseudo-cyphellæ. 
8. Sub nom. S. carpoloma, Del. New Zealand; Dr. Hooker: Rio and other districts 
of Brazil, Graham, &e.; in herb. Kew: exhibits no distinguishing characters worthy of 
note, 
9. Sub nom. S. crocata, Ach. New Zealand; Dr. Hooker, Antarct. Exped.: in my 
herb., in fruit: is, I think, referable here, though its cyphelle are citrine yellow instead 
of whitish. Spores broadly ellipsoid, 1-septate, brownish. Thecæ longish, obovate supe- 
riorly: blue with iodine. 
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