DR. LINDSAY ON NEW-ZEALAND LICHENS. 509 
II. The New Zealand PARMELLE and other Lichens. 
Genus I. PARMELIA. (Plate LX1.) 
$p.1. P. PERFORATA, Ach. [Linds. Spermog. 211.] 
1. a. Corticolous forms. On the trunks of trees, living or dead (especially “ Goai "), 
Saddle-hill and Greenisland bush: apothecia and spermogones abundant. 
b. Saxicolous forms. On various trap-rocks, Forbury Heads; on Basalt, Greenisland 
Bluff; on mica-slate and gneiss, Gabriel’s Gully, Tuapeka: sterile, spermogoniferous or 
not. All in Otago, N. Z.: W. L. L.: one of the most abundant, largest, and handsomest 
of the New-Zealand Parmelie. : 
Spores abundant and distinct, oval-oblong, simple, colourless, with double contour in 
maturity, 00045" long, 0003" broad. Thecæ broadly obovate above; with hymenial gela- 
tine, beautiful blue under iodine; :0024" long, 00075" broad. The apothecia are some- 
times the site of the parasitic Microthelia Cargilliana, Linds.* ; and the thallus, of the 
parasitic Abrothallus Curreyi, Linds.t. Apothecia on corticolous specimens generally 
abundant, often crowded, deeply cup-shaped, especially in young state, becoming with 
age expanded and attenuated, often irregularly split up into segments extending nearly 
to the centre of the disk; with involute or evolute thin margins; basal perforation 
only occasionally visible. Spermogones, where they occur, generally distinctly black- 
. punctate and peripheral; in the old state they become large, irregular in form, and sub- 
confluent {. Thallus variable, especially in regard to the smoothness of its surface and 
the presence or absence of marginal black cilia or fibres. Sometimes, even in the same 
specimen, some of the thalline lobes may possess these cilia while others are naked. 
The cilia vary, moreover, in their length, thickness, and closeness of aggregation. Their 
occurrence is much too inconstant and unimportant to be the basis of a separately named 
variety ciliata (Nyl. Syn. 378). Cilia occur both in corticolous and saxicolous forms, 
though they are most common and best developed in the former. 
Saxicolous forms are sometimes of considerable size, from } to 1 foot in diameter. The 
thallus frequently becomes very thick and coriaceous, and much reticulated by fissuring 
of the cortical layer. Soredia also common, and sometimes ; abundant, ur ign s 
generally than white, fringing the peripheral lobes only, or clothing the margins of > 
curled, crowded, subimbricate central lobes, or generally covering the whole i a 
Surface. Saxicolous sterile states are frequently associated with forms of P. sazatiis 
ed P. levigata. 
subjeeting the thallus, especially of saxicolous forms, : : 
l found, while in Otago, that X d the same series of colours as are en 
northern countries, under similar treatment, by P. perlata $, ve ya TE: very 
try-red through port-wine red, and various brownish reds or reddish browns, 
. Hh chocolate-brown. 
À À | 4 
2. In herbarium, W. L. L.: Rio Janeiro, Henry Paul: finely fruited. Spores ov 
£o ammoniacal maceration, 
Roval Soc. Edinb. vol. xxxiv. p. 439, 
> bservati ; » S. 
- ions on New Lichens and Fungi from Otago, N. Z.," Tran t Ibid. p. 409, plate xxix. figs. 1-3. 
Plate xxx f f ip 
BR SP A. + Ibid. p. 409, plate xxix. figs. 1-5. Po cca Sly ithe 
$ "Experiments on the Dyeing-properties of Lichens,” Edinb. New Phil. Journal, Oct. ‘x 
VOL, xxy, 
