510 DR. LINDSAY ON NEW-ZEALAND LICHENS. 
simple, pale yellow, with a broad hyaline border, resembling, save in size, those of certain 
Pertusarie. Thece deep blue with iodine. Paraphyses indistinct, with pale-brownish 
tips. Spermogones. abundant. Thallus smooth, glaucous; lobes fringed with long 
graceful black cilia; sometimes so narrow as to resemble forms of P. levigata: under 
surface smoothish or rugose, or finely granulose, destitute of fibrille ; buff, or various 
shades of brown. 
Long Island, North America: A. O. Brodie, 1856: in fruit, and spermogoniferous. 
Upper surface of thallus in age sometimes reticulate-fissured, the exposed medullary 
tissue having a saffron-yellow or red colour ; marginal cilia shorter than in Rio specimens: 
‘under surface partly fibrillose-rhizinose, the fibres being as long as the marginal cilia. 
3. In herbarium Kew (which contains a large and valuable suite of specimens, espe- 
cially from warm or tropical countries). Sikkim, Himalayas (fig. 2): var. denticulata, 
Linds. [Spermog. p. 212, plate xi. figs. 6, 7]. Spores oblong or oval, simple; endospore 
pale yellow; external envelope blue with iodine (4) (an unusual phenomenon in lichen- 
spores) : 0008” long, 0004" broad. 
Chinar, Kumaon, Himalayas, 8700 feet : Strachey and Winterbottom. . Spores of same 
character as those just described, large and very handsome, ‘001” long, :0005" broad, 
oval, with a broad hyaline margin and pale-yellow endospore (fig. 1). The collectors 
observe, ** Full-grown apothecia perforate and imperforate in the same specimen," à cir- | 
cumstance that is common in this species from all parts of the world where it occurs. 
Thallus with marginal cilia. 
Chongtam, Sikkim, reg. temp., 6000 feet: Dr. Hooker: margin partly ciliate, partly 
sorediiferous. Kollong, Khasia, reg. temp., 5000 feet: Drs. Hooker and Thomson: is 
indistinguishable from our P. perlata. Simla, Himalayas: Dr. Thomson: has no mar 
ginal soredia, and also resembles our ordinary British forms of perlata. Madras: Dr. 
Hunter: is slightly ciliate, and is labelled “ perforata;” while a similar specimen, also 
from Madras (Dr. Wright) is labelled * perlata,”—both by Dr. Nylander. 
On rocks, Organ Mountains, Brazil: Lardner, No. 6898. On trees, near Jalapa, 
Mexico, 3000-4000 feet: H. Galeotti, 1840. Ohio: Lea and Peck. New Orleans, Boston, 
U. S. A.: Boott. Pacific Islands; Portugal, C. L. S. da Arrabida: Welwitsch, No. 81. 
And many others in herbarium Kew. Do not differ in any essentials from those already 
described, all being more or less variable, and sometimes equally puzzling. Apotheen 
perforate or not, the former sometimes in proportion to the age of the apotheci, 
which are frequently large and substipitate. Thalline margins generally more OF less 
ciliated, sometimes coarsely so. Spermogones generally abundant and conspicuous. 
An examination of extensive suites of forms of P. perforata and its allies on the on 
hand, and of P. perlata and its allies on the other, satisfies me that all are properly rer 
able to only two species :—the one represented by our common P. perlata, igne 
the British and the majority of foreign forms of both P. perforata and P. perlata; * : 
latter consisting entirely of a few foreign, mostly Indian, forms, which appear po à 
designated P. megaleia by Nyl. (Syn. 378), and P. latissima by Fée (Nyl. Syn- 380). dé 
latter forms (figs. 1, 2), which I would refer to P. megaleia, Nyl., bear the same ee 
to P. perlata that P. pertusa does to P. physodes. "The distinction consists 12 
