the only good or constant character I have been able to 
DR. LINDSAY ON NEW-ZEALAND LICHENS. 511 
constantly large handsome spores, which are pertusarioid rather than parmelioid, with 
an endospore pale yellow and separated from the epispore by a broad hyaline margin. 
Exeluding P. megaleia as a good species (altogether foreign so far as I am at present 
aware), the forms of perforata and perlata pass into each other by imperceptible grada- 
tions. In all essential respects they are indistinguishable : their spores and spermatia, apo- 
thecia and spermogones, are the same. So variable is the plant, and so inconstant are 
iisvariations, that I do not think we are justified in maintaining in our classifications as a 
separately named variety either perforata, denticulata, or ciliata, these being merely con- 
litions of the most changeable kind. What we call perlata is mostly saxicolous, northern, 
sterile and destitute of cilia. Perforata is a much larger and handsomer form, affecting 
warmer countries, more frequently corticolous, and then generally fertile; its apothecia 
are generally also larger and handsomer than in the forms which characterize colder 
countries. Even in warm or southern countries, however, the plant has sometimes the 
aspect of the ordinary or ciliate Scotch P. perlata, or the Irish P. reticulata, Tayl., or 
P. proboscidea, Tayl. 
In the herbarium Kew, and in all herbaria I have examined, public or private, there 
is almost inextricable confusion regarding the nomenclature of the various forms of 
P. perforata and its allies, no two authorities naming the same specimen in the same 
way. If the spores, as I propose, be made the basis of classification (and they furnish 
discover), this confusion will be 
abolished by referring all forms to two types: 1, the British P. perlata; 2, the Indian 
P. megaleia (figs. 1, 2). 
Sp.2. P. perLATA, Ach. (Fig. 3.) [Linds. Sperm. 208, plate xi. figs. 8-12. | 
on the Greenisland hills and Saddle-hill ; 
Dunedin; on tertiary grits and 
go: one of the commonest saxi- 
La. Saxicolous form. On rocks and stones, 
on basaltic blocks strewn about the Forbury Heads, 
sandstones, Woodburn ravine, Saddle-hill: all in Ota 
clous Parmelie of Otago: W. L. L. 
On the trachytie rocks which encompass t 
town of Auckland; and on the trachytie and other rocks 
Beeson's or Wanganui Island, in the harbour of Coro 
N. Z. (in fruit): W. L. L. 
i Corticolous form. On trees, Botany Bay; 
ous state, in fruit: W. L. L. i : argi 
The saxicolous forms are for the most part sterile, and d iral € 
"sd They have much of the aspect of the common British saxico i PE P Oi as 
macal infusion of the thallus exhibits the same colour as 7 i AR À 
‘re explained, it appears to me not to differ i fu 
2. In herbarium Kew, sub nom. P. eristifera, Tayl. : P ER 
N - only a form with curled lobes, marginal soredia, Ki sg 0006” long, :0003" 
Spores simple, broadly ellipsoid or ellipsoid-oblong, €^ "P ad 
Thecæ 8-spored, blue with iodine; 0025" long, Oe 
he Pukaki lake, north shore, opposite the 
(hard basaltic tuffs, &e.) which 
mandel, province of Auckland, 
New South Wales, March 1862: furfu- 
A 2 
