DR. LINDSAY ON NEW-ZEALAND LICHENS. 513 
in their being irregularly cup-shaped, expanded and attenuated, involute or evolute, 
and split up into wedge-like pieces: they are inferior, however, in size, The spermo- 
gones are often very closely crowded or confluent, giving the tips of the laciniæ a black- 
punetate character which is visible to the naked eye. Apothecia and thalline laciniæ 
subfistulose. 
Auckland: Dr. Sinclair: in my herbarium. Spermogoniferous, but no apothecia ; 
under surface and edges of laciniæ black; tendency to perforations or erosions of the 
character of those in P. pertusa; quite agrees with the Otago plant. A specimen from 
Colenso, in fruit, in herbarium Kew, seems more referable to the type than to this 
variety. 
2. Suite of southern or antarctic specimens in my herbarium, collected by Dr. Hooker, 
Antarctic Expedition. 
Tasmania (fig. 6): on twigs of bushes, and on trees. Spores(d) very small, oval, or 
subspherieal, narrowly but distinctly margined in maturity ; colourless, simple, resem- 
bling in size and form those of the genus Usnea. Thecæ (b) short, blue with iodine. 
. Paraphyses (a) with pale-brown tips. Spermogones those of the type [Linds. Spermog. 
200], erowded, black, punctiform.  Apothecia as in Otago specimens. Thallus partly 
lobate, with a subfossulate surface, resembling in this respect broad-lobed forms of 
P. saxatilis ; appressed and flat; laciniæ not terete nor subfistulose ; of a faint greenish- 
yellow tinge, probably an herbarium effect. 
Hermite Island, Cape Horn: in fruit. Spores very small Thecæ short, broadly 
obovate above, blue with iodine. In microscopical details it resembles the Tasmanian 
plant ; but the thallus is much smaller and blacker: in size it does not exceed 4 to 1 inch; 
the blackness extends to both sides or surfaces of the minute laciniæ ; and the whole 
plant has much the aspect of a Lichina, or some small cespitose melanospermous marine 
Alga. : 
Falkland-Island specimens resemble the prece 
both of which characters appear to bear a close rel 
loped to the greatest extent in arctic and antarctic regions. = P 
The form enteromorpha represents in the southern hemisphere the typical or : pu 
northern forms of P. physodes ; as doing so, and in virtue of its comparative y " 
marked distinctive external characters, it is one of the few lichens which merit t | 
lame and place as varieties. - It is not, however, exempt from variations, ir ai 
into the type and are sufficiently puzzling. Usually it is sterile. = E oe 4 a 
ftom fistulose and terete to flat and appressed ; sometimes they are ze oe 
convex above; generally they are more or less narrow 07 linear. cat m E 
? general characteristic: it is always to be found on the under sur ig o: 
(ently it extends in patches to the edges of the laciniæ ; sometimes their s ap a 
59 is black-mottled, and less frequently the whole upper surface assum 
Pitehy blackness. | 
ding forms in their blackness and size, 
ation to the degree of cold, being deve- 
Sp. 5. P, LÆVIGATA, Ach. (Figs. 7, 37, 42.) 
: : iss, Gabriel's 
l. On columnar basalt, Greenisland Bluff, spermogoniferous; Of ET 
