532 DR. LINDSAY ON NEW-ZEALAND LICHENS. 
On ground about the base of Saddle-hill: in the bush, Manuka Gully, Saddle-hill; on 
trunks of dead trees, East Taeri bush, Otago: W. L. L.: partly in fruit and spermogo. 
niferous, partly sterile. Thecæ 0009" to :0012" long, *0008" to 00045" broad; very 
faint blue with iodine. Spores not distinctly seen. Hymenial constituents generally 
indistinet. Paraphyses closely aggregated, with granular brownish tips. 
Like many other Cladoniæ, the plant is extremely variable, especially as to colour and 
size and the denseness or laxness of the thalline branches. Sometimes it is a dwarf, 
corresponding to form or condition pumila of C. rangiferina. Nylander apparently (on 
my specimens) regards this as a young state simply; but it appears to me as permanent 
a condition of growth as similar states of C. rangiferina. In this condition the plant is 
spermogoniferous, but not in fruit; the branches are narrow, slender, and much en- 
tangled. More generally the plant is handsome, fully fruiting, and from 2 to 6 inches 
tall: on the ground it generally grows more lax than on trees; but in all habitats it may 
be slender and elongated, or turgid, stoutish, and dwarf; and the podetia may be 
smoothish, though the general tendency is to fossulation or pertusion. In some forms 
(which systematists would be quite justified, according to the present principles and 
practice of classification and nomenclature, to denominate variety or form pertusa), the 
brown podetia are marked by a more or less closely aggregated series of ellipsoid or 
elongated apertures, through which their white farinose inner surface is prominently 
and beautifully visible. This same fenestration is more fully and beautifully developed 
in the closely allied C. retipora, Flk., which also occurs in New Zealand (Auckland, Dr. 
Sinclair, in my herbarium ; Linds. Spermog. 170). These two black-fruited species further 
agree in being peculiar to the southern hemisphere, and in being comparatively well- 
marked plants. In herbarium Kew, C. aggregata, from the Falkland Islands (fg. 9) 
(Dr. Hooker, Antarctic Expedition ; and Edmonston), is associated with, and mistaken for, 
Cetraria aculeata, Fr., a plant to which it certainly bears, especially as regards its colour 
and general habit or aspect, a great resemblance. 
In a specimen from Tasmania (Antarctic Expedition, Dr. Hooker) the spores a 
simple and ellipsoid (as is their general character throughout the Oladonie), though 
minute and with difficulty seen (equally cl teristic of the spores of Cladonia). n 
bs become blue with iodine; paraphyses and thecæ short and, like the spores se 
istinet. . 
Sp. 2. C. RANGIFERINA, Hffm. [Linds. Spermog. 168.] 
Form pumila, Ach. On trunks of dead trees, Saddle-hill bush, Otago: W. b 
pestris, Sch. Its habitat, however, differs from that of the British plant, which is 
so far as I am aware, corticolous. Spermogoniferous specimens, labelled “ New Zealan' 
from Dr. Müller, Melbourne, occur in herbarium Kew, referable either to C. rangifer™ 
or C. pyenoclada. C. rangifera is infinitely variable as to size, colour, the deg 
branching, and the density of aggregation of the branchlets. It is impossible 
or limit properly its inconstant varieties; and I think, therefore, it is unnecessary 
b: 3 
sterile. Small in all its parts; branchlets much entangled ; resembles the British = 1 
new» — 
p 
to define — 
and 
