538 DR. LINDSAY ON NEW-ZEALAND LICHENS. 
of the epispore, opposite the central septa especially. Hymenium very deep blue with 
iodine ; constituents very indistinct. Paraphyses-tips obscured by granular, brownish- 
red colouring-matter. It seems to be the same plant which is figured and described by 
Massalongo as Hæmatomma Babingtonii (Lich. N. Z. plate ii.; Parmelia punicea, Bab. 
L. N. Z. p. 28, “excl. syn. pr. max. parte," says Mass.), corticolous (on trees) in the 
North Island. The thecæ are represented as 8-spored, the spores as very variable in size, 
fusiform, 1-20-septate, sometimes curved in the same or opposite directions. 
In herbarium Kew (fig. 19): on tree-barks, Java, Lobb. (sub nom. Z. pulcherrima, 
Tayl.); on bark of trees, St. Vincent and Mauritius; on bark, Lachen, Sikkim, Hima- 
layas, reg. temp. 12,000 feet (Dr. Hooker). Essentially a plant of tropical and sub- 
tropical countries, in which it is widely distributed ; but occurring also at the Cape and in 
Australia. Some forms have a striking resemblance to L. hematomma, Ach., to which 
the plant is at least closely allied. The Sikkim specimen bears the following annotation 
by Nylander : ** Anne potius L. hematomma ecrustacea ?” Itis, however, now (and justly, 
I think) regarded as a separate species. In Java specimens, the disk of the apothecium 
is of a beautiful vermilion-red, surrounded by a white, mealy, thick, corrugated border. 
Apothecia sessile, on a rugose, tartareous thallus resembling that of L. parella, the 
thalline surface sometimes rising to a level with the apothecia, as in L. hematomma. 
Spores (fig. 19) fusiform, slightly curved, containing twelve or more loculi: frequently, 
in the young state, when the spore is narrow and the loculi roundish, it has a monili- 
form character, 0013" to -0016" long, -0002” broad. Thec blue with iodine. Para- 
physes-tips obscured by the red pigment of the epithecium. 
Sp. 3. L. AURANTIACA, Ach., and var. erythrella, Ach. (Fig. 20.) 
Saxicolous : on columnar basalt, Greenisland Bluff ; on basaltie boulders, Forbury 
Head; on greensand, Woodburn Ravine, Saddle-hill, Otago : W. L. L.: all in abundant 
fruit. The Woodburn specimens are apparently athalline, or nearly so ; those affecting 
. basalt are indistinguishable from Scotch forms as they occur, for instance, on amygda- 
loid and other trap-rocks on Kinnoull Hill, Perth. Sometimes the fruit is crowded and 
the apothecia irregularly angular from mutual pressure. 
Spores (fig. 20) generally ellipsoid, sometimes subspherical in the young state, variable as 
to size and form, normally polari-bilocular, the loculi connected or not bya central septum 
or line which does not appear to be tubular; sometimes the loculi are nuclear, and not 
seated at the poles or extremities of the spore; or there may be in the young state à 
single central round nucleus : length :0003" to *00045", breadth “0002” to 0003”. Ge- 
nerally the spores are smaller in var. erythrella (which is essentially a saxicolous form) 
than in the type. Thecæ -0024” to -0030” long, 0006” broad. Hymenium beaut 
blue with iodine. 
Similar forms occur in herbarium Kew, from Juan Fernandez (on rocks), and from 
Wales (Turner, 17 92), the latter being var. ochracea, Sch., Nyl. (sub nom. Lichen ery- 
threllus, Ach.). Spores oval, ‘0003 long, ‘00025 broad. 
Some forms of L. aurantiaca are apt to be confounded with Z. ferruginea, Huds., 
which also occurs in New Zealand, and, as at home, frequently, if not generally, 0? 
