DR. LINDSAY ON NEW-ZEALAND LICHENS. 539 
basaltie or trappean rocks (on basaltie blocks, Signal-hill, North-east Valley, Dunedin, 
Otago: W. L. L.). 
Sp. 4. L. VITELLINA, Ach. (Fig. 21.) 
Saxicolous : on basaltic boulders, top of Kaikorai Hill; on basalt, south peak of Sad- 
dle-hill; on trachytic rocks, coast-cliffs, Anderson’s Bay, Dunedin, Otago: W. L. L. 
In fruit, more or less common, associated with Parmelia conspersa, various forms of 
Lecidea parasema, and other saxicolous lichens common on basaltic and trappean rocks. 
Indistinguishable from the British plant. 
Spores (fig. 21), oblong, straight, or slightly curved, as in Ramalina ; simple, or faintly 
l-septate, colourless, 0003” long, :00015" broad. Thecæ polysporous, ventricose or sac- 
eate, 0018” to "0024" long, 0006” to 0009” broad. Hymenium beautiful blue with iodine. 
The parasitic Lecidea vitellinaria, Nyl., so common on its thallus in Britain, may be 
looked for in New Zealand; for the presence of Abrothallus in the latter shows that 
there is every reason to expect the same parasitie lichens in the southern as in the 
northern hemisphere (where the species themselves occur whose apothecia or thallus 
form their habitat) The black apothecia, prominent on the beautiful greenish-yellow 
thallus, will at once indicate the alien Zecidea where it occurs. This so-called species, 
however (L. vitellinaria), Y regard simply as an athalline and possibly sometimes pa- 
rasitic form of the common Lecidea parasema, which, especially in New Zealand, is not 
only more generally saxicolous than corticolous, but which is one of the most frequent 
companions of Z. vitellina. 
Sp. 5. L. PYRACEA, Ach. (Fig. 22.) 
On basalt, south peak of Saddle-hill, Otago: W. L. L. A beautiful little species, with 
inconspicuous thallus and minute much crowded apothecia, resembling the small saxi- 
colous forms of L. aurantiaca, var. erythrella, to which, indeed, I refer the plant. Ex- 
ternally and internally the apothecia are essentially the same (the colour only differing 
somewhat) and I fail to discover any suflicient distinction between pyracea and ery- 
thrella. It seems to me, moreover, that ferruginea and aurantiaca may be united with 
advantage. : 
Spores (fig. 22) broadly ellipsoid, colourless, polari-bilocular, -0003” long, 0002" 
broad. Thecæ 8-spored, :0018" long, 00045” broad. Hymenium deep blue with 
lodine ; constituents comparatively distinct. 
Sp. 6. L. UMBRINA, Ehrh. (Fig. 23.) D i 
FT : : in 
On stockyard palings of “ Goai," Martin's bush, Chain-hills, Otago: M 
it. Hasa general resemblance to L. erysibe, Ach. „ 2 . 4 
Spores (a, b) very variable in form and size, colourless, 00025" to roe Sad "e. 
to 00015” br oad, generally simple, sometimes with one or two nuclei or locu z “a 
in the former case are generally central, in the latter, equally occupy the e " " 
by à septum as in ordinary l-septate spores; sometimes — -— en or 
Nonally granular (young state), generally ellipsoid, sometimes oblong or py 
