DR. G. BIRDWOOD ON THE GENUS BOSWELLIA. 139 
Madow. IfI did not name Mohr Madow as Carter’s plant, certain as it is that it is 
the same species as his Arabian plant, on this being indisputably determined by the 
receipt of new specimens, it would become absorbed in Mohr Madow under its systematic 
name, and Carter's connexion with his own discovery would be lost sight of". 
Mohr Add is named after Dr. Bhau Daji, the distinguished Hindu physician of 
Bombay, well known in Europe also as an oriental scholar, and whose eminent services 
to his countrymen and city Sir Seymour Fitzgerald has most honourably recognized in 
making him sheriff of Bombay for the present year. 
Yegaar 1 have named after Mr. W. E. Frere. 
In 1867, Mr. Hanbury showed me a most interesting article on frankincense, in the 
“Schweizerische Wochenschrift für Pharmacie” of 13th of May 1864, by Dr. Flückiger of 
Bern, who quotes a large number of authorities, especially German, on this controversy. 
He had had Carter's plant brought to his notice by Hanbury ; and he concludes that it 
is the same plant as B. papyrifera of Abyssinia, and proposes in consequence to include 
both under the name of B. sacra. But Carter's plant is distinct from B. papyrifera ; 
and moreover it is now plain that more than one species of African olibanum yields the 
olibanum of commerce, whereas Dr. Flückiger prematurely includes them all under 7. 
papyrifera, a species not known to supply any of the olibanum of commerce. He had 
heard of the facts ascertained by Colonel Playfair and myself regarding the thuriferous 
Boswellias of the Soumali country, but only orally, through a mutual friend of his and 
Carter's, and hence, I believe, the error into which he is led. 
Conclusions. 
It will, I believe, be now agreed that Arabia produces frankincense, and in the very 
region generally indicated by the common opinion of the ancient world and so accurately 
limited by Theophrastus. Now that it has been demonstrated by Carter, that the liba- 
notophorous region lies along the coast of Hadramaut, the agreement between the state- 
ments of the Bible, Herodotus, Theophrastus, Diodorus Siculus, Strabo, Pliny, Arrian, 
. Ptolemy, the Arabs, Marco Polo, Bochart, and Celsius is very striking. 
It will, I believe, be agreed also, as implied in the more ancient references to Arabia, 
and expressly asserted by Diodorus, Strabo, Arrian, and others of the ancients, and 
demonstrated with such fulness by Cruttenden, Kempthorne, and Vaughan, and the 
overwhelming evidence of modern travellers (beginning with Bruce) generally, that the 
Soumali country also produces frankincense, and probably the bulk of the olibanum of 
commerce. The agreement as to the region about Mount Elephant (Ras Fieluk, Cape 
Felix, Jibbel Feel), between Arrian, Capt. Doventon, and Capt. Saris in Purchas, Milburn, 
Cruttenden, Kempthorne and Vaughan, is indeed quite startling. E 
It will be admitted also, I believe, that Boswellia Carteru (Mohr Madow), which 
with B. Bhau-Dajiana (Mohr Add), the source of the bulk of the olibanum of commerce 
exported from the Soumali country, is the same species as the plant (Maghrayt d'sheehaz) 
's (the ja wered since this paper was read; and a figure of it, from the flowers kindly 
* sent eu iio rasa reper cee nee Didi of the Victoria Gardens, Bombay, is now added, after 
: that of the Soumali B. Carterii or Mohr Madow. - 
