314 DR. LINDSAY ON WEST-GREENLAND LICHENS. 
the non-necessity for the present redundancy of names, may be illustrated by the fact that 
the latest monographer of the genus Cladonia (Coemans) regards (and, I think, cor- 
rectly) gigantea merely as the sterile, and cymosa as the spermogoniferous condition 
ofthe type. He also, quite as properly, merges pumila and alpestris [the latter not 
being necessarily an Alpine form] in the var. sylvatica, which, according to chemical 
testing, should stand as a separate species *. 
7. C. uncialis, L., form.—Godhavn; Egedesminde. Deformed. Passes apparently into 
8. C. amaurocrea, Flk.—Godhavn; Egedesminde. A monstrous form, exhibiting the 
most singular deformities, which defy all efforts at description, as do also similar condi- 
tions of C. deformis, cervicornis, gracilis, pyxidata, and cornucopioides. Very frequently 
there are bulgings of the podetia as in Pyncothelia, such deformities being confined to, 
or commonest in, dwarf conditions of the plant. Cl. uncialis, var. adunca, in my herba- 
rium, from the top of Ben Mae Dhui, so named by Mudd, is deformed like Greenland 
states of C. amaurocrea; and it is moreover undistinguishable from what Mudd calls, 
in my herb., C. amawrocrea t, var. dierea, from the same Scottish locality. Coemans 
thinks adunca undeserving separate nomenclature ; but he assigns it to uncialis. 
9. C. deformis, L.—Jakobshavn. The eccentricities of this so-called species are 
endless; and it is useless attempting any further description than a general one of its 
leading variation-forms. It occurs with or without podetia. In the former case there 
are sometimes carious, sterile scyphi, $" to 1” in diameter. Sometimes the scyphi are 
margined by secondary podetia, crowned by the ordinary scarlet fringe. Sections of the 
podetia are sometimes gamboge-yellow, and exude a glutinous juice. The reaction with 
potash is bright lemon-yellow, or none. Podetia are frequently very granular, one of 
many characteristics of the northern Cladonie. At other times they are covered more 
or less copiously with squamules or folioles, their aspect being then completely altered. 
This change in character is assisted by occasional ramosity. "These foliose or ramose 
states are sometimes brown, as in furcata. Sometimes the whole squamulose podetium 
is studded over with minute red warts. It is impossible to assign these warts to either 
abortive apothecia or spermogonia, inasmuch as they exhibit no normal reproductive 
structure. They are probably—as in other positions, in this and other Cladonie, in which 
they occur—sometimes the one, sometimes the other organ in an undeveloped state. 
Occasionally the podetium is expanded into a single, irregular, thick, subcarious 
foliole, very granular, like the ordinary podetia. Sometimes the plant consists 
entirely of phyllocladia, ordinary podetia being absent. These folioles are tumid, 
irregular, densely arranged, forming a psoroid ceespitose thallus, as in similar forms of 
cervicornis. The colour is changed from the ordinary beautiful light green to a lurid 
brown. These folioles are frequently studded over with apothecia of a Lecidine charac- 
ter, flat, brown, irregular in form, though generally oblong-oval or elongate, girt with à 
thin exciple. They are seated directly on the thallus, or they constitute the termina- 
tions of very short, inconspicuous, terete, abortive podetia or stipes. They have the 
aspect of young, or degenerate, Lecidioid apothecia; but their structure is that of 
* It does so stand in the recently published ‘ Lichenes Britannici? of Crombie (1870). 
t C. stellata and amaurocrea of Mudd's * British Cladoniæ? do not appear to me to differ in any essential respect. 
