DR. LINDSAY ON WEST-GREENLAND LICHENS. 315 
Torula, their contents consisting of myriads of spherical brown spores about :00010" 
in diameter. These apothecia or pseudo-apothecia sometimes resemble the apothecia of 
Lecidea cornea, Sm., but they never show the structure of a normal lichen-apothecium 
(the hymenial elements). 
The folioles of the Cladonia are also studded over or fringed with what appear to be 
various forms of spermogonia, barrel-shaped, like those typical in the genus, or verrucæ- 
form. 
There are two series of Greenland forms of deformis—one with scarlet fruit-warts, 
which I refer to the cornucopioides type, the other with brown fruit-warts, referable to py«i- 
data. Y do not, however, admit the distinction between erythrocarpous and phæocarpous 
Cladoniæ to be other than one of convenience. I have elsewhere pointed out that, both 
naturally and artificially, the scarlet apothecia in Cladonia became brown*; and I have 
to add that, where this colour-distinction is abolished, there is no other good distinction 
between (e. g.) pyxidata and cornucopioides and their respective forms and allies. 
In the Kew Herbarium I found deformis confounded with carneola and fimbriata. 
Its apothecia are described by Nylander and other authors as scarlet; but they are also 
occasionally of a brown colour. And accordingly as these apothecia or pseudo-apothecia, 
with their spermogonia, whether normal, abortive, or degenerate, are red or brown, the 
plant is, I think, referable, as a mere state, to the cornucopioides t group on the one 
hand, or the pyxidata series on the other. The phyllocladia of deformis, as well as of 
gracilis and pyxidata, especially in certain sterile, degenerate conditions, are the common 
site in Greenland, as in other northern or Alpine countries, of black, punctiform, para- 
sitic Micro-fungi, referable apparently to different species and genera. Thus in Schæ- 
rer's Exs., No. 49, I met with parasitic pycnidia, which have been described in my 
Mem. Spermog. (p. 164). 
10. C. dellidiflora, Ach. —Egedesminde : a peculiar dwarf form, resembling a Beomyces. 
Apothecia very large and deformed, seated amidst the horizontal folioles. Podetia very 
carious, and so short and deformed as to appear absent. The plant agrees in general aspect, 
save as to the phæocarpous apothecia, with C. cespititia and syncephala of Mudd's Cla- 
doniæ, (Exs.) Nos. 29 and 44. The Greenland plant may equally appropriately be referred 
to cornucopioides, as I believe the latter and Jellidiflora are merely different forms of 
the same type. In the Kew Herbarium I met with specimens having brown* apothecia, 
the colour having probably altered by desiccation, the plant in this case being undistin- 
guishable from pyxidata. 
In the Menziesian Herbarium some specimens, labelled cornucopioides (or coccifera), 
are also referable to the protean pyæidata. In the Kew Herbarium bellidiflora and 
cornucopioides are frequently confounded,—a circumstance that merely shows their close 
* Vide the author's * British Lichens’ (1856, p. 268).—The earlier lichenologists state that the red apothecia of 
Cladoniæ become naturally brown in moist situations, or with age; while the same change may be artificially 
induced by steeping in water, or exposure to ammonia. In nature the colour appears to vary with locality or 
conditions of growth and decay,—e. y. shade and moisture, age or desiccation producing the same effect as chemical 
ts 
reagents, 
+ Most of the forms I saw in the Kew Herbarium were referable to the fimbriate conditions of bellidiflora. 
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