316 DR. LINDSAY ON WEST-GREENLAND LICHENS. 
relationship. If they are to be separated, even as varieties or forms, it is convenient to 
refer all the major states of growth to bellidiflora, and the minor to cornucopioides. 
Sometimes the podetia of bellidiflora are as copiously squamulose as in deformis. 
ll. C. pyxidata, L.—Jakobshavn; Illartlek glacier.—Scyphiferous, but sterile. To 
this species I refer degenerans and fimbriata, with all their forms. In the Kew Herba- 
rium, I met with several forms identical with states of bellidiflora and cornucopioides, 
save as to the colour of the apothecia—a character which is inconstant in the Cladonie, 
as it is in many other Lichen-genera, e. g. Lecidea. In the same Herbarium, some forms 
of pyxidata (e. g. tubæformis) are confounded with wncialis. Coemans also points out 
that pyzidata is confounded with carneola, Fr., by var. carneo-pallida; as well as with 
cenotea, macilenta, cariosa, and deformis. 
12. C. degenerans, Flk.—Godhavn ; Jakobshavn. Podetia blackish-brown, having a 
dirty or sooty aspect. No apothecia occur; but spermogonia abound, as deep-brown 
little barrel-shaped bodies, distinct under the lens, fringing the closed scyphi, or studded 
irregularly over the surface of their diaphragm, or of the podetia. Ostiole large and 
patent. In the Kew Herbarium degenerans is confounded with uncialis, and is partly 
referable to furcata and squamosa, as well as to pyzidata. Coemans shows that Acharius 
confounded it with pungens [by var. nivea, Ach.]—and with turgida, cenotea and glauca, 
Flk., as well as with pyzidata, furcata, and squamosa. In truth it must be regarded, like 
not a few other so-called species in the genus Cladonia, as a mere condition of other types. 
13. C. coralloidea, Ach.—Jakobshavn. To this may be referred some specimens de- 
stitute of podetia, in which the horizontal thallus consists of densely aggregated phyllo- 
cladia, with tumid margins, brown and psoroid, like the thallus of Lecidea lurida. It 
is not, however, an easy matter to refer every specimen in the genus Cladonia to a 
particular * species." The variation-forms are so extreme, the deformities so remarkable, 
abortive and degenerate as well as sterile conditions so frequent, passage-forms so 
puzzling and numerous, that all that can be properly attempted in most cases is to select 
the types of form and growth, and classify them in a general way. To “ determine,” in 
the sense of naming, every specimen met with is as absurd as it is unnecessary and 
impossible! It is sheer waste of effort on the part of the student. Certain forms ofthe . 
psoroid (horizontal) thallus of coralloidea appeared referable to cervicornis; while, on 
the other hand, one form of what seems to be pyxidata, has a parmelioid (horizontal) 
thallus only; that is, it consists of rounded, large-lobed folioles, either sterile or studded 
over with subsessile or sessile apothecia or spermogonia—variously degenerate—none 
fertile. According to Coemans, coralloidea is partly referable to degenerans, partly to 
crispata and decorticata. 
14. C. fimbriata, Hffm.—Jakobshavn. The podetia are studded over with irregular, 
black papille, which are pyenidia. Their envelope is very deep brown; the cavity is 
occupied by myriads of stylospores, spherical, oval, or pyriform, about :00009” in dia- 
meter, pale olive, generally granular, seated on short, thick, simple basidia. The same 
parasite apparently occurs also on C. deformis and other species—on the scyphi, podetia 
and squamules alike. 
The specimens of fimbriata in the Kew Herbarium are referable mostly to pyaidata, 
