DR. LINDSAY ON WEST-GREENLAND LICHENS. 335 
sporidia sometimes become abortive. The mature sporidia are 2-loeular, the loculi pale 
yellow, oval, sometimes pyriform, ellipsoid or figure-8-shaped. The young sporidia are 
colourless and simple; their contents muco-granular; their shape within the asci more 
or less spherical. 
I can make out no good distinction between U. vellea, U. spodochroa, U. hirsuta, and 
U. murina. All of them, with the exception of spodochroa, are sterile or nearly so in my 
herbarium. The under surface of the thallus in all may be naked or hirsute, pale or 
black. U. vellea of Hepp's Exs. No. 117 is what Nylander calls, in my herbarium, both 
spodochroa and vellea. Scheerer’s Exs. No. 137-140 (= U. depressa, var. hirsuta, in fruit) 
are also what Nylander calls spodochroa; while Schærer’s Exs. Nos, 141-142 (= U. depressa, 
var. spodochroa) represent what he designates, in my Norwegian specimens U. vellea! 
5. U. spodochroa, Hoffm.—Norwegian specimens, collected by myself in 1857, bear a 
few, mostly degenerate, apothecia. In those which are degenerate, all the elements of 
the hymenium are fused into an obseure, brown, striated mass, giving no reaction with 
iodine. The asci and sporidia are undistinguishable. This degenerate condition of the 
apothecia and their contents is common to all the Arctic or Northern Umbilicarie. 
When the apothecia are normal in spodochroa, the asci give a pale blue with iodine, as 
does the whole hymenium.  Asci 2-4-spored. Sporidia, in the normal and mature state, 
oval, simple, colourless, finely granular or not, :0006” to :0009” long and :00045” to 
:0006” broad. In age they are occasionally deep brown, and muriform as in Urceolaria 
scruposa, 0009” long and :0006” broad. 
6. U. anthracina, Wulf. In 1857 I collected two distinct suites of specimens on 
Sneehätten (Dovrefjeldt mountains, Norway), which Nylander refers to this species (or 
atro-pruinosa, Schær.). Both forms have simple lecidine apothecia. The larger form has 
a thallus somewhat like that of arctica. Its upper surface is grey, whitish, or mouse- 
coloured; the under pale and rhizinose-fibrillose. There is none of the tessellated cha- 
racter to be found in the smaller black form. In the grey, larger forms, the apothecia 
are larger, flatter, rounder, more scattered over the surface, and more sessile than in the 
other. The hymenium becomes beautifully blue with iodine. Sporidia simple, oblong- 
oval, with generally a thick margin or double contour, 0003” long and ‘000227 broad. 
This major form is perhaps U. stipitata, Nyl. (L. Scand. p. 289), a species that is not 
mentioned by Th. Fries as a Greenland or Spitzbergen lichen (either in his ‘L, Arctoi ' 
or'L. Spitsberg.). In my list of Northern Lichens U. vellea and U. anthracina have 
probably been confounded, as they are occasionally in all herbaria. 
In the smaller form with black tessellated thallus, the apothecia are angular, stipitate, 
and subperipheral; the normal sporidia ellipsoid-oblong, simple, generally slightly 
curved; :00040” to "00050" long and :00010” to 00015” broad. Hymenium becomes deep 
blue with iodine. In the same hymenium the sporidià are sometimes only (exceptionally) 
normal, the majority being old or degenerate, both within and without the asci deep 
brown, longer than the normal ones, and sometimes obseurely 2-locular. 
7. U. Pennsylvanica, Hffm., represents, in Greenland and Arctic regions generally, the 
very common U. pustulata of Scandinavia. A specimen of Pennsylvanica in the Kew 
Herb., collected during Franklin's first journey in the Arctic Regions, has lecideine, large, 
