396 DR. LINDSAY ON WEST-GREENLAND LICHENS. 
flat apothecia, somewhat like those of pustulata, but larger and flatter. Thereis a distinct 
black border (exciple), lighter in colour than the deep-black, sooty, or subpulverulent disk. 
Genus 16. PANNARIA. 
1. P.brunnea, Sw.—Jakobshavn; Illartlek glacier, abundant; Lyngemarken, abundant; 
Ounartok ; Godhavn. One of the most abundant (muscicolous) lichens in the area ex- 
amined by Brown. Several forms occur, exhibiting some of the characters of Pannaria 
hypnorum, Vahl. (E. Bot. t. 2119, or Th. Fries's L. Arct. p. 78) ; and of var. coronata, 
Hffm., of P. brunnea (= Biatora coronata, Fr., Leight. Exs. No. 235; Lecidea coronata, 
E. Bot. t. 2110). The plant is, I believe, one of those species or types which may be 
made properly to include several of the so-called * species” of authors. Sometimes it is 
athalline, only its large apothecia being scattered over the surface of decaying or dead 
mosses (e. y. about Jakobshavn). In age, the apothecia sometimes become very large, and 
black, or black-mottled, the disk expanding and becoming flattened, the margin thin and 
cracked, and the whole outline variously irregular or deformed. The plant has then quite 
the character of the British Squamaria isidioides, Borr. (E. Bot. t. 2130). The para- 
physes are agglutinated at their tips, which are very pale brown. The asci, and hymenial 
gelatine generally, usually become blue under iodine. Sometimes, however, there is no 
reaction in either. The asci are 8-spored ; the sporidia are arranged in single or double 
series, the shape and size of the asci varying accordingly. Asci usually :0021” to 0024” 
long, '0006" to :0009” broad. The sporidia vary considerably in size, shape, and con- 
tents. They are always simple, and generally colourless, their contained nuclei being 
sometimes lemon-yellow. Their shape varies from narrowly ellipsoid to oval cr sub- 
spherical, exhibiting occasionally various irregularities in outline (e. y. becoming subpyri- 
form). Their size is usually about :0006” long and 00022” to 00040” broad. Within the 
asci, as well as when mature and free, they are frequently granular. Sometimes, appa- 
rently in the young state, they contain one, two, or more large, prominent, spherical, 
button-like nuclei, conspicuous even within the asci. These nuclei become more distinct 
under iodine. In the old state the sporidia frequently show double contour. 
In var. coronata (Leight. Exs. no. 235) the paraphyses and asci are shortish, the latter 
faint blue with iodine. The sporidia are colourless or very faint yellow, broadly ellipsoid 
and simple. Var. coronata Auct., and Pannaria nebulosa of Nylander's Exs., do not 
deserve rank even as separately named varieties. 
In the present collection I met with a few sterile fragments of what appears to 
be P. muscorum, Ach. (=Massalongia carnosa, Dicks.), according to Schærer’s Exs. 
No. 482, and Nylander's description (Scand. p. 128). But it is not mentioned in the 
* L. Arctoi' as a Greenland lichen, though common in Scandinavia. Nylander objects 
to the name carnosa, and Fries to that of muscorum (Arct. p. 80) ! 
Genus 17. SQUAMARIA. 
1. S. chrysoleuca, Sm.—Kudlesæt. The thallus varies in colour; uoi straw-yellow or 
greenish, with black-mottled margins. Medullary tissue white. The colour and mottling 
resemble those of Usnea melaxantha. Apothecia abundant and crowded; disk black. 
