DR. LINDSAY ON WEST-GREENLAND LICHENS. 347 
8. L. badia, Ach. —Jakobshavn; Ounartok. On gneiss; copiously in fruit and spermo- 
goniferous. The young apothecia are sometimes suburceolate, while the old ones become 
convex and pulviniform, the disk sometimes covering the exciple; frequently crowded, 
and then variously deformed from external pressure. The central ones are largest and 
most crowded, but they never coalesce into compound apothecia. Sporidia simple, 
colourless, ellipsoid, :0003” long and :00015” broad. In the Ounartok specimens the 
apothecia are large and scattered, many of them with the disk partly or wholly eroded, 
similar to the condition that is commoner in Z. tartarea. This is a beautiful form of the 
species. The spermogonia on the Jakobshavn (ordinary) form of the plant are scattered 
over the irregularities of the thalline areolæ, which are convex or pulviniform, and mostly 
discrete. They are to be met with on the peripheral areolæ, as minute brown points of 
irregular size and form, several being dotted over each areola. 
9. L. polytropa, Ehrh.—Jakobshavn; Godhavn; Ounartok; Egedesminde. Most usually 
it has crowded and confluent or compound, deformed and livid apothecia, and a very 
verrucose thallus. Some forms occur on the same rocks and in the same localities with 
Squamaria saxicola, and appear to me to pass into that lichen (e. y. in Disco-Island spe- 
cimens). On the one hand polytropa sometimes acquires a rudimentary, subfoliaceous 
thallus; and on the other, as already shown, S. saxicola is frequently athalline, with 
erowded apothecia of the same colour and external charaeter, and with the same contents 
as polytropa, though generally there is less tendency in saxicola to coalescence and de- 
formity of apothecia. In the ordinary forms of polytropa in Greenland, the hymenial gela- 
tine gives a beautiful blue with iodine. The sporidia are simple, ellipsoid to oval, showing 
double contour or not; granular or muco-granular in the young state: about *0003" long 
and :00015" broad. In Nylander's Exs. I found the sporidia of polytropa pale yellow, 
about 00033" long and :00013" broad, simple, and narrowly ellipsoid. Sometimes poly- 
tropa occupies, like Squamaria elegans and sawicola, unusual habitats; e.g., it occurs 
on the old exerement of birds (probably the Lagopus alpinus) in Spitzbergen (Th. Fries, 
L. Spitsberg. p. 22). 
10. L. cervina, Ach.—Lyngemarken, on m twigs, very sparingly. 
ll. L. smaragdula, Whlnb. Only in the young state and sparingly, on granite and 
gneiss. Thallus and apothecia of light colour, approaching the characters of var. cinereo- 
rufescens, Ach. Smaragdula has quite as good a position in the genus Endocarpon as in 
Lecanora. Th. Fries's description of the range of his Aspicilia cinereo-rufescens and var. 
diamarta, Whlnb. renders it doubtful whether he includes it in the Greenland lichen- 
flora *. 
12. L.sophodes, Ach. Several forms oceur—forms that systematists would probably 
refer to several different so-called species, e. g. turfacea, mmiarea t, and atro-cinerea. 
They are mostly corticolous—on bireh bark or on whitened (bleached) twigs; or musci- 
colous, corresponding to the epibrya forms of L. subfusca, associated with sterile (vari- 
* He says (L. Aret. p. 134) “Per totam regionem Flore nostre frequens;" and as his * Flora" refers to the 
‘Lichenes Arctoi Europe Gronlandieque, it is to be inferred that all lichens so described, though not specially 
mentioned as Greenland plants, are nevertheless common in that country. 
t Turfacea and mniarea appear to me to constitute a single species. a 
: A 
