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DR. LINDSAY ON WEST-GREENLAND LICHENS. 351 
(12.) Bacidia. Apoth. Biatorine. Sporid. acicular, multilocular, colourless. 
(13.) Lopadium. Apoth. Biatorine. Sporid. oblong, muriform, coloured. 
The genus Lecidea is in some respects the most important Lichen-genus in Greenland. 
The individuals constituting its species are most abundant—especially on rocks and 
stones—though occurring largely also on stems and twigs of bushes, on decayed mosses, 
and on the soil. Its species are generally extremely variable, and afford ample scope 
for the ingenuity of systematists in the manufacture of varieties and the devising of 
names! It contains, moreover, a greater number of unusual or novel forms than any 
other Greenland genus. 
1. L. grenlandica, n. sp. Kudleset: associated with a form of Parmelia saxatilis 
approaching omphalodes, and with Lecanora tartarea, and its var. frigida; generally terri- 
colous, sometimes also muscicolous, or growing on the decayed fibres of twigs, dic. Apo- 
thecia sometimes athalline, and parasitic on the crust of the Lecanora, on which they 
are conspicuous by contrast of colour. Only a few fragments exist of what is, in many 
respects, a peculiar and most interesting lichen. The thallus is subfoliaceous, micro- 
phylline—sometimes resembling that of Lecidea squalida (e. g. of Nylander's Exs.), or 
that of Umbilicaria arctica. It is smoothish or irregularly papillæform or verrucose- 
granular ; the colour variously grey, buff, or lurid (brown or blackish-brown). These 
lurid forms resemble Z. lugubris both as to the thallus and apothecia. 
_ The apothecia are wholly black (margin and disk alike), generally flat; the exciple is 
usually distinct and regular, sometimes tumid, at others (in age) thin and wavy. 
Apothecia generally scattered centrally ; sometimes crowded and becoming deformed 
from mutual pressure; frequently degenerate, and then usually irregular in outline. 
The hymenial gelatine gives no reaction with iodine, or yellow (the colour of the reagent 
itself); while the asci give sometimes no reaction, sometimes one which is permanently 
red or violet, or a temporary red or violet, passing slowly into a faint, or more distinct, 
blue. In the young state the protoplasm of the asci is granular, sometimes partly oily, 
and colourless. Gradually a single sporidium is developed, granular and simple in the 
young state, but gradually exhibiting loculi and septa as it approaches maturity. Asci 
very large and delicate, varying in shape and size with age, ‘0030” long and 0008” broad 
in the young state, 0045" long and -0009” to *0012" broad in maturity. 
The paraphyses are among the most peculiar and beautiful I have met with in lichens. 
They are discrete and distinct throughout their length, with a thickish filament 00015” 
broad or upwards, which is sometimes obscurely granular. Total length of the para- 
physes about 0024". In the young state the tip is simply thickened, or bulging and 
rounded, and of a pale-brown colour. There is no distinct articulation ; but as maturity 
is approached, a septum is developed, and there is a distinctly articulated terminal cell of 
very various shape, from lanceolate to spherical. The colour, deep brown, is frequently 
limited distinctly to a mere segment (often the upper half) of the interior of this ter- 
minal cell, rarely occupying its whole cavity. These terminal cells are easily detached 
from their filaments (e. g- by gentle friction of the glass covering the object on the mi- 
C -slide); and frequently, especially in old apothecia, they are found in masses 
away from their filaments, and then resemble the irregular cellules of the tissues of Co- 
