DR. LINDSAY ON WEST-GREENLAND LICHENS. 359 
marking my opinion of the value of the explorations and botanical collections of the present 
or first-named Robert Brown(J unior or Secundus), I have borrowed a specific name from the 
. ancestral acres in Caithness, which were at one time, I believe, in his possession, or in that of 
his family, viz. the small estate of Campster (also his birth-place) ; and I have attached its 
name to the most beautiful of the Lecideæ which occur in his Greenland collection of 1867.* 
15. L. parasema, Ach.—Illartlek glacier; Godhavn.  Corticolous, muscicolous, and 
athalline. Occurs in various forms, of which the following were the chief met with :— 
(1. Associated with corticolous forms of Lecanora sophodes; athalline, on bleached, 
whitened twigs; or with a thin white thallus, coating the bark of birch; or seated on 
the thallus of the Lecanora.  Apothecia very minute, black, flat, margined, becoming 
convex and immarginate, resembling in size and other external characters those of 
L. pinicola, Auct., or some forms of Abrothallus Smithii. Hypothecial tissue brown. 
Tips of paraphyses agglutinated, irregular and brown; filaments indistinct throughout 
their length. Asci 8-spored, very pale blue with iodine; sublinear or ribbon-like; in 
tufts; frequently bulging from the pressure of the contained sporidia, which are generally 
arranged in single series. The sporidia are most variable in form, less so in size. In 
this respect, as well as frequently in their granular or nucleiform contents, they resemble 
gonidia on the one hand, and stylospores on the other. Their size is usually "00045" long 
and :00030" broad. In maturity, and especially while still within the asci, they are 
frequently spherical as much so as those of Lecidea lugubris, Pertusaria paradora, or 
Spherophoron coralloides, than which, however, they are much larger. Frequently also 
they are oval or oblong-oval, becoming variously pyriform or otherwise irregular in out- 
line. They are always simple and colourless. Generally, especially in the young state, 
they are finely granular or muco-granular, the degree of granularity being in proportion 
to their immaturity. At other times they exhibit one large, spherical, central nucleus, 
or two or more prominent, subcentral nuclei, differing in size. Sometimes they possess 
double contour. | 
(2.) On birch-bark, associated with Lecanora sophodes. Accompanies the same Lecanora 
also on moss, grass-stems, twigs, and other forms of decayed and generally bleached vege- 
tation. cones zag PM subspherical, immarginate; black when dry and young. 
After being ] d, in mass or only on section, they assume a port-wine-red 
colour—a colour thats is sometimes also obscurely exhibited in the natural state in old or 
degenerate apothecia. This character constitutes a link of connexion with L. sanguineo- 
atra, into which parasema in Greenland seems to pass. So intimate is this connexion, 
that it is frequently difficult to determine to which species to assign certain specimens 
with reddish-black apothecia and simple sporidia. Both apothecia and sporidia are gene- 
rally longer than in form No. 1 (above described). But there is here also great variabi- 
lity of size and form. The largest sporidia occur in the old, subspherical, reddish apo- 
thecia. Their size is sometimes nearly :0006" long and 00040" broad, the shape being 
oval or ellipsoid. More frequently they are spherical, and then are often about :00045” 
in diameter. In this case, as in form No. 1, they are apt to be confounded with gonidia, 
which they resemble, save as to colour. They are always simple, seldom granular, pro- 
* The same name has also been conferred upon a Verrucaria, described under Lecanora tartarea. 
