Dk. M. T. MASTERS ON THE PASSIFLORACEA. 601 
sexes characterizes the tribes Modeccee, Achariee, and Papayacee. When, by excep- 
tion, in these last-named groups the flowers are bisexual, the stamens are perigynous, 
and not hypogynous as in true Passion-flowers. 
The staminal whorl presents considerable diversities in different genera of the order. 
In the genus Passiflora itself the andræcium becomes complicated by apparent adhesion 
to, i. e. imperfect separation from, the gynophore. 
Taking the simplest case first, we have merely five stamens opposite to the sepals, 
inseparate to a slight extent at the base, and springing directly from the receptacle 
(hypogynous) Such a condition of things exists in the male flowers of Ophiocaulon and 
in the male flowers of Passiflora tetrandra, as well as in the hermaphrodite flowers of 
P. multiflora. 
Usually the stamens, like the pistil, are, after a time, raised above their original level 
_ by the formation of a stalk or gynophore. In Zryphostemma the stamens spring from 
the inner surface of the inner corona, and are not raised upon a gynophore. The 
stamens in this case are rather perigynous than hypogynous. In Crossostemma the 
stamens are apparently ten in number, five fertile and five sterile. The filaments form 
at the base a cup, from the edge of which proceed the five anther-bearing filaments and 
five teeth (representing the sterile stamens). JMachadoa has a similar arrangement. In 
Barteria there are very numerous stamens arising from the edge of a membranous tube 
also disconnected from the gynophore. Smeathmannia is chiefly remarkable, so far as 
its androeciam is concerned, for the great number of its stamens. Probably these are 
true * compound stamens;" but this cannot be stated with certainty till their mode of 
development is known. The filaments are generally flat and ribbon-like; but in Physena, 
Smeathmannia, Barteria, Basananthe, and some others they axe thread-like, 
Throughout the order the anthers are bilocular: in most eases the filament is attached 
to the back of the anther; but in some of the genera, and especially in the tribe Modecca, 
the anthers are basifixed. The anthers of Modecca are remarkable for their linear form, 
and for their prolonged connective, which forms a long, slender mucro above the anther- 
lobes. In Atheranthera, already referred to, the filaments are flat and ribbon-like, twisted 
. on themselves at the top, so that the dorsifixed anthers, which were originally introrse, 
become extrorse by the curvature of the filaments. The anthers appear to be one-celled, 
and provided with a muero continuous with the filament, and which may either represent 
an abortive half anther or stand in the place of the connective. In Passiflora and Tac- 
sonia the anthers are versatile, and completely change their position as the flower is 
matured. Originally pressed up against the ovary, against which their face is applied, 
they ultimately turn in the reverse direction, so as to open extrorsely by two longitudinal 
clefts. - This change in position is facilitated by the peculiar mode in which the filament 
is attached to the anther. The filament is flat, and traversed by a central nerve, 
which is prolonged beyond the rounded apex of the filament in such a way that the 
anther is attached by a fine thread only. 
$ Gymecium.—The most constant feature of the whole group is the possession of a 
superior or non-adherent one-celled ovary, with three or four parietal placentas, io 
which àre attached in two or four longitudinal rows a number of horizontal anatropal 
VOL. XXVII. 4L 
