620 DR. M. T. MASTERS ON THE PASSIFLORACEA. 
TABLE 1. 
Characters, En Characters, ee 
Qne celod ovary ler eo ee ences 16 (all) Hypogynous stamens ................ 9 
Faciotal plagonta A A 10 à Pergynees DORE. ra. 6 
a o 14 DPI: o O PDAS SER 5 
NEUE ODDO. da GT 15 Arillate seeds ....... o Mal We a 5 
odo MEN LES qr 13 Climbing babit, x. an ion EP SSE 5 
Be A 13 en N rco EE 4 
nn RE Dos 10 O „ei ee 3 
Flower-tube or perigynous calyx-lobes .. 9 Corona o ire ISI 3 
These characters are arranged from above downward according to the relative fre- 
quency of their occurrence in the sixteen following orders :— 
TABLE 2. 
Number of charac- Number of charac- 
ters possessed by ters possesed by 
Names of orders. allied orders Names of orders. allied orders 
in common with in common with 
Passifloraces. Passifloracez. 
PREEDENM vaio eo a 16 (all) IO ou o Sas. oe en 9 
Tamers S Sv USATI SES 12 Bisao 5 oor Sie ae 8 
Rd 2 ee oe 12 TOREM LC A AGS. TUS 8 
DIA 2. ISI Ludus 10 Eapayaco® oca rio sie on 8 
BU URNA ne uv 10 nn 7. 8 
mici A SS 9 VE i sro se i 7 
ZEN PE s i X» ir 9 Cocu mitaa Slo Ge 7 
TE o oi OS 9 Beine IIT 4 
The orders in the foregoing enumeration are placed from above downwards according 
to the degree of their affinity with Passion-flowers, as estimated by the occurrence 
of the characters mentioned in Table 1, without reference to other points— Turneraceæ 
and Malesherbiaceæ having the greatest number of points in common with Passiflorads, 
Bignoniads and Cucurbits the fewest, and so on. = 
If, then, we wish to ascertain what orders are most closely allied to Passifloracee, 
and to seek the greatest number of points of resemblance, as we should do when a 
synthetical arrangement is desired, we have merely to ascertain which orders are at 
the top of the list (Table 2), and which are the characters most frequently present 
(Table 1). If our object be analytical, or, in other words, if our desire is to discover 
points of divergence, then the foregoing list (Table 1) must be read from below upwards ; 
for while thé uppermost characters are common to the large majority of the members 
of the series, the lower ones are those which are peeuliar, or nearly so, to Passion- 
flowers. 
But although, from a numerical point of view, the alliance between certain orders 
may seem to be close, yet it must of course be remembered that a merely numerical 
relation may be outweighed by considerations of greater moment. We have, then, to 
appraise the value of these characters ; and in so doing we avail ourselves of such points 
