130 Mr. H. M. Bernard on the 
away from the branch. It is, in reality, a kind of forking, 
only the stem remains the more important and less diverging 
prong. ‘The result of repeated branchings with free fusions 
between parts that touch is to form a rather closely matted 
tangle low down near the ground, the meshes in the tangle 
being more or less angular. This angular character of the 
meshes is, however, frequently obscured by curvings of the 
branches. Broken fragments falling down into the tangle 
freely fuse on again, and help to make the net thicker. In 
claiming this very peculiar method of growth as characteristic 
of the genus I am aware that it is not immediately evident 
in all the types. It is very marked in Ridley’s original type 
(A. Forbes), in Quelch’s types (A. gracilis and A. solida), 
and in one of the new types (A. echinulata *), whereas it is 
not so marked though traceable in A. erecta *, and apparently 
least visible in Rehberg’s type (A. spinosa). In these last 
two forms the branching does not come off at such a wide 
angle, and hence the whole corallum is more symmetrically 
arborescent. But in A. erecta, so far as I remember the 
photographs shown me by Dr. Marenzeller, the larger clumps 
were very close tangles of thin knotted stems, and Rehberg’s 
figure of A. spinosa (1. ¢.) appears to show distinct traces of 
a tendency to sudden angular bendings of the stems and 
branches. 
These points, then, the protuberant calicles, showing 
distinct lamination of their radial structures, and the peculiar 
character of the branching, serve, I think, to separate Anacro- 
pora from Montipora, with which genus it is, however, funda- 
mentally associated in the structure of the coenenchyma and 
in the presence of calicles with degenerate septal apparatus 
exactly like those of Montipora. 
Interrelationships of the Madreporide. 
As we have above seen, the only argument for allying 
Montipora with Porites, as was done by Milne-Kdwards and 
Haime, and later by Duncan, falls to the ground as soon as 
the secondary character of the trabecule is established +. 
Hence we have no hesitation in claiming the genus with its 
ally Anacropora as together forming a subfamily of the 
Madreporide. I shall now endeavour to show that the 
remaining three accepted genera—Madrepora, Turbinaria, 
* Full descriptions of these are given in the Museum Catalogue, 
+ In 1889 Dr. Ortmann suggested, without going into details, that 
Montipora might be deduced from Porites through Alveopora (Zool. 
Jahrb. (syst.) iv. p. 584). 
