222 Mr. W. E. Collinge on the 
Beschreibung: ‘ Dorsum finely sulcato-striate from head to 
orifice. A-row of small regular tubercles runs along medial 
line from head to prominence’), die Seltenheit des Vorkom- 
mens, die wohl in der gemeinsamen unterirdischen Lebens- 
weise begriindet ist, und dergl. mehr.” 
That Apera has affinities with the Testacellide there can 
be little doubt, but there is a wide gap between it and either 
Testacella or Daudebardia. 
In the generalized character of the generative organs 
Apera resembles in some ways the genus Schizoglossa, but 
until we have a more detailed account of the anatomy of this 
last-named genus it will be difficult to rightly classify it. 
There is a still wider gap between Apera and Schizoglossa 
than between Avera and either Testacella or Daudebardia. 
Godwin-Austen (4, p. 8) has placed Schizoglossa with Alea 
and Paryphanta in a new subfamily Paryphantine, on the 
following grounds:—“ In the form of the buccal mass this 
new subgenus (Schizoglossa) shows best the close relation- 
ship which it has with Paryphanta, both in the rounded form 
of the basal end and in the unification of the salivary glands, 
neither of which characters are to be seen in Yestacella 
halictidea which I have examined... In the generative 
organs we find this difference, the vas deferens in Testa- 
cella joins the male organ near the attachment of the retractor 
muscle at the posterior end, whereas in Paryphanta and 
Schizoglossa it is peculiarly short and joins the male organ 
very low down just above the generative aperture.” 
Judging from Hedley’s description and figure of the 
generative organs of Schizoglossa it would appear that we 
have here a mollusk in which numerous modifications have 
taken place. The absence of any receptaculum and the 
generalized character and feeble development of the male 
organs certainly make it difficult to rightly assign it to any 
family of mollusks where these are predominant features. 
There are not a few points in which it shows an affinity to 
Apera, and through this genus to Testacella and Daudebardia ; 
at the same time there are many points of difference. 
Anatomy. 
The Alimentary Canal (Pl. V. fig. 2).—There is a wide 
buccal cavity from which passes a long thin-walled ceso- 
phagus; at the junction of the cesophagus with the crop is a 
large bilobed salivary gland, which pours its secretion into 
the postero-dorsa]l portion of the buccal cavity by a single 
duct. In TZestacella there are two salivary glands and two 
ducts, lying on each side of the crop and opening laterally 
