Anatomy of Apera Burnupi, H. A. Smith. 223 
into the anterior portion of the cesophagus. The crop is a 
wide thin-walled sac, rather longer than the cesophagus ; the 
stomach, which forms the terminal portion of this sac, is a 
small bilobed cavity hidden in the substance of the liver. In 
Schizoglossa, Hedley (5, p. 890) remarks “ that the pharynx 
is enormous, occupying almost the whole length of the 
visceral cavity, and nearly equalling in size the remainder 
of the viscera.”” I take it that what I am terming cesophagus 
and crop correspond to what Hedley terms pharynx ; if so, the 
two forms closely agree in this feature. The intestine in 
Schizoglossa is short, while in Apera it makes two loops in 
the lobes of the liver, and terminates as a slightly wider 
tube, the rectum. In Testacella the intestine forms a single 
loop. 
The Pedal Gland—Opening beneath the mouth and 
occupying the floor of the visceral cavity for the whole length 
of the animal is a large thick-walled convoluted body, the 
edal gland. It is wound from right to left, as shown in 
figure 3 (Pl. V.), and slightly indented on its upperside. It 
was of a yellowish brown in colour, its free end being much 
lighter and more glandular; to this there was a long muscle 
attached. In transverse section it appeared as shown in 
figure 4 (Pl. V.), viz. a small lumen on the underside, and 
in the mass of connective tissue &c. there were present a 
large series of microscopic chitinous (?) dart-like bodies. 
These had a broad and slightly convex plate-like form at the 
one end, tapering at the opposite end into a long fine point 
(Pl. V. fig. 5). The whole tube must contain many 
thousands of these bodies. I should have been glad to 
investigate the minute structure of this organ in greater 
detail had I possessed the material. In this example the gland 
had become exceedingly hard, almost brittle, with being in 
alcohol, and it was only after soaking in water for two or 
three days that I was able to make out the few features 
mentioned above. 
Lacaze-Duthiers (7, p. 522) has described and figured the 
pedal gland in TYestacella; it is simple in structure, much 
longer than in Apera, and exhibits the same zigzag form. 
In Zestacella it is enclosed in a sheath of connective tissue, 
which I do not find in Apera. The cells of the gland are filled 
with granules; these probably represent what in Apera I have 
described as minute dart-like bodies. From the contracted 
state of the gland in the specimen [ had, figure 4 probably 
only very incorrectly represents the actual appearance. 
Lhe Generative Organs.—There is a small vagina into 
which the penis opens. ‘This latter organ is a narrow tube, 
slightly globose at the lower portion (Pl. V. fig. 6, p.), and a 
