408 Bibliographical Notices. 
and published on the geology of this district. He indicates the 
various sources of his information and acknowledges the kind help 
of several friends. 
The following rocks and strata are taken in succession :—1. The 
Skiddaw Slates and their Fossils, especially the Graptolites; to- 
gcther with some proposed new species of Lingula, viz. L. Donaldi, 
Harknessi, Bonney, Derwentii (if named after the Derwent Water it 
should have been derwentensis), Marrit, Nicholsoni, and Howardi. 
These and others are illustrated by more or less obscure figures after 
photographs. The Graptolites also are roughly lithographed, with 
some 'Trilobites. 2. The Volcanic Series of Borrowdale. 3. The 
Cross Fell Inlier. 4. The Drygill Shales. 5. Coniston Limestone 
Series. 6. The Granites of Eskdale, Shap, Skiddaw, and Enderdale. 
7. Other special Igneous Rocks of St. John, Armboth, Little Knot, 
White House, Great Cockup, Sale Fell, Carrock Fell, Seatoller Fell, 
and Castlehead. 8. The Stockdale Shales. 9. Coniston Flags and 
Grits. 10, Bannisdale Shales and Kirkby Moor Flags. 11. Notes 
on the Carboniferous, Permian, and Triassic strata, including the 
Hilton Plant-beds. 12. Surface deposits, Old Lakes, Moraines, and 
Boulders. 13. Faults and Mineral Veins. 14. A Summary, 
sketching a geological history of the district from the time when 
the Skiddaw Slates were laid down as muddy shales and micaceous 
grits. Volcanic action and a general depression followed; and in 
time the Coniston Limestone and Shales were formed in a mode- 
rately deep sea. An upward movement then shallowed the sea and 
made an island of the district, which sank again to receive some 
Upper Silurian deposits, but was again raised and exposed to denu- 
dation for a long period, whilst the Old Red Sandstone was being 
formed elsewhere. Depression followed, and was accompanied by 
the production of the Carboniferous series. The Permian and 
Triassic marls and sandstones were subsequently accumulated in 
large salt-lakes, and, together with the rest of the region, after 
attaining a greater elevation, became subjected to long-continued 
subaérial denudation, partly effected by ice during the Glacial 
Period. Such great thicknesses of rocks and strata that have been 
here removed, and such enormous periods of time that must have 
been required in the operation, render it impossible to correctly 
calculate the interval of time between the origin of the Skiddaw 
Slates and the present condition of the Lake District in Cumberland 
and Westmoreland. ‘The Author indicates about 23,000 feet of rocks 
as remaining now. 15. Of the local Minerals a hundred are enu- 
merated, with their places of occurrence; and there are full 
descriptive notes for about twenty of them. 
This little book will be useful to the intelligent tourist, with its 
succinct account of the rocks, minerals, and fossils of the district 
under notice, and with its many references to sources of further 
formation. Its illustrations, including a map, various fossils, and 
two geological sections, are well-intentioned, but too roughly drawn ; 
and better editing would have much benefitted the book throughout, 
——_ 
