488 , Miscellaneous. 
> find in Cucumaria crocea, Less., where, moreover, the young are 
gp 2@ not on the ventral but on the dorsal surface, ambulacra do not 
e «ve to assist in the care of the brood. The young are attached 
close together in a single layer to the median area of the creeping 
sole, which is hedged round by the pedicels; if they be detached, 
the spots they previously occupied are indicated only by slight 
impressions. 
The young average but 1:5 millim. in length and barely 1 millim. 
in breadth, but are nevertheless already well developed, so that they 
represent a tiny copy of the adult animal. The arched dorsal 
surface already possesses a closed armature of imbricated calcareous 
plates, among which the five oral plates can clearly be distinguished. 
In their development these dorsal plates pass through a stage which 
is retained permanently by the calcareous bodies in the ventral 
integument of the adults. The flat ventral side is encompassed by 
a single (not yet double) series of twenty pedicels, which are already 
equipped with a relatively large terminal disk and some supporting 
plates. These pedicels develop later on into the inner series of 
larger pedicels which we find at the margin of the ventral surface 
of the adults, while as yet there have appeared no. rudiments of the 
series of much smaller external pedicels. In the ventral integu- 
ment the formation of the calcareous bodies has only just begun. 
In the calcareous ring there can already be recognized five radial 
and five interradial pieces, similar in form to those in the adults ; 
towards the radialia there already extend distinct retractor muscles. 
Moreover the full complement of tentacles (ten) is already present, 
and they contain in their walls a few small ecribriform plates. A 
calcified madreporic plate belonging to the stone-canal is developed. 
The intestine is coiled in the same way as it is subsequently. Of 
respiratory trees, however, no rudiments appear yet to have come 
into existence, nor can I yet observe any trace of the genital organs, 
The number of Holothurians which care for their brood conse- 
quently now amounts to nine, including five antarctic and one 
arctic species. Not only is the relatively large number of the 
antarctic forms exceedingly striking, but almost even more remark- 
able is the circumstance that in cach of the five antarctic species 
the care of the brood is effected in a different way. In Psolus 
ephippifer the young develop beneath the dorsal plates, in Cucu- 
maria crocea upon the modified dorsal ambulacra, in Psolus ant- 
arcticus upon the ventral creeping sole, in Cucumaria levigata in 
ventral brood-pouches, and, lastly, in the case of Chiridota contorta 
in the genital canals.—Zoologischer Anzeiger, Bd. xx. no. 535 
(July 5, 1397), pp. 237-239. 
