68 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 38 
Three days thereafter I started my first ditch through the old excavation, | 
beginning on the east side of the hole and running eastward. The bottom of ° 
the hole was filled with loose earth, which had been recently moved. I did 
not find anything that day and only made fair progress through the mound, | 
as I worked from top to bottom, a depth of about 5 feet. 
The Sunday following, accompanied by Omer Butler, an artist on the World- | 
Herald, 1 continued my work at the hill. . . . The very first shovelful of 
earth brought out a large femur and then immediately a mass of bones were | 
brought to light, many of which were broken. 
I then cleared off the surface and worked down from above. The upper part 
of the mound consisted of earth which I knew had been moved. . . . At! 
21 feet . . . small pieces of charcoal, bits of mussel shell as large as my | 
finger-nail, and quartzite spalls were found in the earth. I judged the burial 
to be similar to other (fire) burials in that and other sections which I had | 
previously encountered. Beneath the blackened mass I found fragments of 
calcined clay, bits of which I have retained, while beneath this again, at a | 
depth of 44 feet from the surface, the ground was so hard and compact that it ' 
was removed with the greatest difficulty in my rather cramped quarters in the | 
trench. Four inches beneath this compact earth—which at the time I believed . 
to have been hardened by fire—and nearly 5 feet from the surface, I brought |! 
out skull no. 5. There was no other bone near it. I was obliged to return to 
the city, but before the skull was removed Mr. Butler made a sketch of it as it | 
lay in the ground and of the trench and its surroundings. -I held my tape ° 
measure from the surface to the skull so that it would be accurate, and the 
tape was sketched in the picture. ! 
I have unearthed many skulls in this vicinity of what I term ancient and 
modern Indian types, and I at once noted the vast difference between them 
and the one I held in my hand. 
After securing the first skull I worked in the hill at every available moment, 
but I was accompanied by personal friends whom I requested to memorize 
everything pertaining to the bones, skulls, and environment. ‘ 
With my stepson, George C. Clark, I began on the south side of a 20-foot 
circle from what I took to be the mound’s center and drifted in toward the 
point whence I had taken the skull, expecting to strike the skeletal parts. Our 
trench was wider than my first. We were compelled to build smudge fires to 
keep the mosquitoes away, but we worked several hours and found the larger 
bones of a skeleton at a level 12 inches (tape measure) above the level of no. 5 
skull. No other skull was found; the femurs and shin bones were in good con- 
dition. Skulls nos. 3 and 4 were also taken at this point, but several inches 
lower than the femur bones. The earth was as hard as plaster, and digging 
was exceedingly difficult. Whatever bones were found near the skulls were 
combined with them as if belonging to the crania. 
The following day Mr. Clinton A. Case accompanied me. We widened the 
ditch I had first dug and carried it 8 feet to the west. We then cut off the 
intersecting corner of the first ditch and that which I had run with my stepson. 
At 3 feet deep we secured skulls nos. 1 and 2 . . . and some of the upper 
parts of the skeleton bones. They lay with their heads toward the center, skele- 
tons radiating from the center. We also took a skeleton without skull lying at 
same level. 
The following day I worked alone. I sunk a ditch from the surface, 5 feet 
long and 38 feet wide, 2 feet south of the ditch running east and west, and 
secured the lower leg and foot bone of the skeletons recovered with Mr. Case. 
In the south corner of this ditch I sunk a shaft 44 feet and brought out the 
mandible of a skull. No other bones were within 15 inches of it. I tunneled 
