74 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [ BULL, 33 
Barsour, Nebraska Geological Survey, i, part 6, 1907. Kor the most part the 
same words as in Science, January 18. 
Additions. VPage 336. “ Respecting the antiquity of the remains, the chief evi- 
dence paleontologically must be derived from the skulls, which seem to be of 
the Neanderthal type. Tvidences from other skeletal parts are subject to error, 
owing to the wide range of variation in human bones. The association of 
loess fossils is significant, and when even a remnant of any extinct species is 
found it will be final. No sign of stratification, which would be valuable evi- 
dence, can be reported.” 
Page 546. “The skulls are of the Neanderthal type, with thick protruding 
brows, low forehead devoid of frontal eminences, large parietal eminences, nar- 
row temples, thick skull walls, and small brain capacity.” ‘“ They are higher 
in the human scale than Neanderthal man, but lower than the mound builder. 
They resemble the man of Spy.” 
Page 547. “ Skull 8 scarcely varies in size and shape from Pithecanthropus 
erectus.” 
As to the age of the man in the Nebraska loess, Professor Barbour repeats, 
with but slight modifications, his conclusions on the subject published in Science 
of January 18. The discovery is believed to carry “man in America back to 
Glacial times.” But he adds that “In several places adjacent to Gilder’s 
mound exposures of human bones in supposed loess are already known, and 
investigation promises to extend the present known limits of the supposed 
human bone bed.” 
3LACKMAN, Fecords of the Past, March, 1907. No personal observations on 
Gilder mound or specimens from the same. Quotes Professor Barbour as fol- 
lows: “From a geologist’s standpoint there is scarcely a possibility that these 
bone fragments were ever buried by human hands. Instead, the bones were 
doubtless deposited with the loess, the age of which may be safely reckoned at 
ten thousand to twenty thousand years or more.” 
Further on (page 77) Professor Blackman records the following interesting 
observation: “I suggested to Doctor Barbour the possibility that gophers may 
have worked the bones from the higher to the lower level. I have found buf- 
falo bones 10 feet deep in gopher holes. It was very difficult to observe the 
moved loess which filled the hole, as all the hill was the same kind of deposit. 
But the Doctor assured me that this could not possibly be the case.” 
Professor Blackman finishes by giving brief notes on several other finds which 
may have bearing on the question of man’s antiquity in Nebraska and the 
neighboring States. 
Toward the end of January, 1907, the writer was directed by the 
Chief of the Bureau of American Ethnology to visit the University 
of Nebraska and examine the Gilder Mound bones. The specimens 
were placed at the writer’s disposal in the most liberal manner by 
Professors Barbour and Ward, and every needed assistance was 
accorded. When the examination was completed these gentlemen, as 
well as Mr. Gilder, accompanied him to the mound, which, fortu- 
nately, was almost wholly free of snow and could be fairly well 
observed. In the following pages is given a brief account of the 
mound and its examination. 
Descriprion or THE Mounpb 
North of the small town of Florence, and to the west of the Mis- 
sourl, the country presents some rather bold elevations, composed of 
