﻿OF 
  THE 
  BUREAU 
  OF 
  ETHNOLOGY. 
  XIX 
  

  

  Down 
  the 
  midst 
  of 
  the 
  valley 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  wash, 
  through 
  which, 
  

   in 
  seasons 
  of 
  great 
  rainfall, 
  a 
  stream 
  courses. 
  Along 
  this 
  stream 
  

   there 
  are 
  extensive 
  ruins 
  built 
  of 
  sandstone 
  and 
  limestone. 
  At 
  

   one 
  place 
  a 
  village 
  site 
  was 
  discovered, 
  in 
  which 
  several 
  hun- 
  

   dred 
  people 
  once 
  found 
  shelter. 
  To 
  the 
  north 
  of 
  this 
  and 
  

   about 
  twenty-five 
  miles 
  from 
  the 
  summit 
  of 
  San 
  Francisco 
  

   Peak 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  volcanic 
  cone 
  of 
  cinder 
  and 
  basalt. 
  This 
  

   small 
  cone 
  had 
  been 
  used 
  as 
  the 
  site 
  of 
  a 
  village, 
  a 
  pueblo 
  hav- 
  

   ing 
  been 
  built 
  around 
  the 
  crater. 
  The 
  materials 
  of 
  construction 
  

   were 
  derived 
  from 
  a 
  great 
  sandstone 
  quarry 
  near 
  by, 
  and 
  the 
  

   pit 
  from 
  which 
  they 
  were 
  taken 
  was 
  many 
  feet 
  in 
  depth 
  and 
  

   extended 
  over 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  acres 
  of 
  ground. 
  The 
  cone 
  rises 
  

   on 
  the 
  west 
  in 
  a 
  precipitous 
  cliff 
  from 
  the 
  valley 
  of 
  an 
  inter- 
  

   mittent 
  creek. 
  The 
  pueblo 
  was 
  built 
  on 
  that 
  side 
  at 
  the 
  sum- 
  

   mit 
  of 
  the 
  cliff, 
  and 
  extending 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  and 
  south 
  sides 
  

   along 
  the 
  summit 
  of 
  steep 
  slopes, 
  was 
  inclosed 
  on 
  the 
  east, 
  so 
  

   that 
  the 
  plaza 
  was 
  entered 
  by 
  a 
  covered 
  way. 
  The 
  court, 
  or 
  

   plaza, 
  was 
  about 
  one-third 
  of 
  an 
  acre 
  in 
  area. 
  The 
  little 
  pueblo 
  

   contained 
  perhaps 
  sixty 
  or 
  seventy 
  rooms. 
  Southward 
  of 
  San 
  

   Francisco 
  Mountain 
  many 
  other 
  ruins 
  were 
  found. 
  

  

  East 
  of 
  the 
  San 
  Francisco 
  Peak, 
  at 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  about 
  

   twelve 
  miles, 
  another 
  cinder 
  cone 
  was 
  found. 
  Here 
  the 
  cin- 
  

   ders 
  are 
  soft 
  and 
  friable, 
  and 
  the 
  cone 
  is 
  a 
  prettily 
  shaped 
  dome. 
  

   On 
  the 
  southern 
  slope 
  there 
  are 
  excavations 
  into 
  the 
  indurated 
  

   and 
  coherent 
  cinder 
  mass, 
  constituting 
  chambers, 
  often 
  ten 
  or 
  

   twelve 
  feet 
  in 
  diameter 
  and 
  six 
  to 
  ten 
  feet 
  in 
  height. 
  The 
  

   chambers 
  are 
  of 
  irregular 
  shape, 
  and 
  occasionally 
  a 
  larger 
  cen- 
  

   tral 
  chamber 
  forms 
  a 
  kind 
  of 
  vestibule 
  to 
  several 
  smaller 
  ones 
  

   gathered 
  about 
  it. 
  The 
  smaller 
  chambers 
  are 
  sometimes 
  at 
  the 
  

   same 
  altitude 
  as 
  the 
  central 
  or 
  principal 
  one, 
  and 
  sometimes 
  at 
  

   a 
  lower 
  altitude. 
  About 
  one 
  hundred 
  and 
  fifty 
  of 
  these 
  cham- 
  

   bers 
  have 
  been 
  excavated. 
  Most 
  of 
  them 
  are 
  now 
  partly 
  filled 
  

   by 
  the 
  caving 
  in 
  of 
  the 
  walls 
  and 
  ceilings, 
  but 
  some 
  of 
  them 
  

   are 
  yet 
  in 
  a 
  good 
  state 
  of 
  preservation. 
  In 
  these 
  chambers, 
  

   and 
  about 
  them 
  on 
  the 
  summit 
  and 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  cinder 
  cone, 
  

   many 
  stone 
  implements 
  were 
  found, 
  especially 
  metates. 
  Some 
  

   bone 
  implements 
  also 
  were 
  discovered. 
  At 
  the 
  very 
  summit 
  

   of 
  the 
  little 
  cone 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  plaza, 
  inclosed 
  by 
  a 
  rude 
  wall 
  made 
  

  

  