﻿XX 
  ANNUAL 
  REPORT 
  OF 
  THE 
  DIRECTOR 
  

  

  of 
  volcanic 
  cinders, 
  the 
  floor 
  of 
  which 
  was 
  carefully 
  leveled. 
  

   The 
  plaza 
  is 
  about 
  forty-five 
  by 
  seventy-five 
  feet 
  in 
  area. 
  

   Here 
  the 
  people 
  lived 
  in 
  underground 
  houses 
  — 
  chambers 
  hewn 
  

   from 
  the 
  friable 
  volcanic 
  cinders. 
  Before 
  them, 
  to 
  the 
  south, 
  

   west, 
  and 
  north, 
  stretched 
  beautiful 
  valleys, 
  beyond 
  which 
  

   volcanic 
  cones 
  are 
  seen 
  rising 
  amid 
  pine 
  forests. 
  The 
  people 
  

   probably 
  cultivated 
  patches 
  of 
  ground 
  ill 
  the 
  low 
  valleys. 
  

  

  A.bout 
  eighteen 
  miles 
  still 
  farther 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  of 
  San 
  Fran- 
  

   cisco 
  Mountain 
  another 
  ruined 
  village 
  was 
  discovered, 
  built 
  

   about 
  the 
  crater 
  of 
  a 
  volcanic 
  cone. 
  This 
  volcanic 
  peak 
  is 
  of 
  

   much 
  greater 
  magnitude. 
  The 
  crater 
  opens 
  to 
  the 
  eastward. 
  

   On 
  the 
  south 
  many 
  stone 
  dwellings 
  have 
  been 
  built 
  of 
  the 
  

   basaltic 
  and 
  cinder-like 
  rocks. 
  Between 
  the 
  ridge 
  on 
  the 
  south 
  

   and 
  another 
  on 
  the 
  northwest 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  low 
  saddle 
  in 
  which 
  

   other 
  buildings 
  have 
  been 
  erected, 
  and 
  in 
  which 
  a, 
  great 
  plaza 
  

   was 
  found, 
  much 
  like 
  the 
  one 
  previously 
  described. 
  But 
  the 
  

   most 
  interesting 
  part 
  of 
  this 
  village 
  was 
  on 
  the 
  cliff 
  which 
  rose 
  

   on 
  the 
  northwest 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  crater. 
  In 
  this 
  cliff 
  are 
  many 
  

   natural 
  caves, 
  and 
  the 
  caves 
  themselves 
  were 
  utilized 
  as 
  dwell- 
  

   ings 
  by 
  inclosing 
  them 
  in 
  front 
  with 
  walls 
  made 
  of 
  volcanic 
  

   rocks 
  and 
  cinders. 
  These 
  cliff 
  dwellings 
  are 
  placed 
  tier 
  above 
  

   tier, 
  in 
  a 
  very 
  irregular 
  way. 
  In 
  many 
  cases 
  natural 
  caves 
  

   were 
  thus 
  utilized; 
  in 
  other 
  cases 
  cavate 
  chambers 
  were 
  made; 
  

   that 
  is, 
  chambers 
  have 
  been 
  excavated 
  in 
  the 
  friable 
  cinders. 
  

   On 
  the 
  very 
  summit 
  of 
  the 
  ridge 
  stone 
  buildings 
  were 
  erected, 
  

   so 
  that 
  this 
  village 
  was 
  in 
  part 
  a 
  cliff 
  village, 
  in 
  part 
  cavate, 
  

   and 
  in 
  part 
  the 
  ordinary 
  stone 
  pueblo. 
  The 
  valley 
  below, 
  

   especially 
  to 
  the 
  southward, 
  was 
  probably 
  occupied 
  by 
  their 
  

   gardens. 
  In 
  the 
  chambers 
  among 
  the 
  overhanging 
  cliffs 
  a 
  

   great 
  many 
  interesting 
  relics 
  were 
  found, 
  of 
  stone, 
  bone, 
  and 
  

   wood, 
  and 
  many 
  potsherds. 
  

  

  About 
  eight 
  miles 
  southeast 
  of 
  Flagstaff, 
  a 
  little 
  town 
  on 
  the 
  

   southern 
  slope 
  of 
  San 
  Francisco 
  Mountain, 
  Oak 
  Creek 
  enters 
  

   a 
  canyon, 
  which 
  runs 
  to 
  the 
  eastward 
  and 
  then 
  southward 
  for 
  

   a 
  distance 
  of 
  about 
  ten 
  miles. 
  The 
  gorge 
  is 
  a 
  precipitous 
  box 
  

   canyon 
  for 
  the 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  this 
  distance. 
  It 
  is 
  cut 
  through 
  

   carboniferous 
  rocks 
  — 
  sandstones 
  and 
  limestones 
  — 
  which 
  are 
  

   here 
  nearly 
  horizontal. 
  The 
  softer 
  sandstones 
  rapidly 
  disinte- 
  

  

  