﻿OF 
  THE 
  BUREAU 
  OF 
  ETHNOLOGY. 
  XXIII 
  

  

  chambers 
  to 
  another 
  was 
  by 
  the 
  outside. 
  Many 
  of 
  the 
  cham- 
  

   bers 
  had 
  evidently 
  been 
  occupied 
  as 
  dwellings. 
  They 
  still 
  

   contained 
  fireplaces 
  and 
  evidences 
  of 
  fire; 
  there 
  were 
  little 
  

   caverns 
  or 
  shelves 
  in 
  which 
  various 
  vessels 
  were 
  placed, 
  and 
  

   many 
  evidences 
  of 
  the 
  handicraft 
  of 
  the 
  people 
  were 
  left 
  in 
  

   stone, 
  bone, 
  horn, 
  and 
  wood, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  chambers 
  and 
  about 
  

   the 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  cliffs 
  potsherds 
  are 
  abundant. 
  On 
  more 
  care- 
  

   ful 
  survey 
  it 
  was 
  found 
  that 
  many 
  chambers 
  had 
  been 
  used 
  as 
  

   stables 
  for 
  asses, 
  goats, 
  and 
  sheep. 
  Sometimes 
  they 
  had 
  been 
  

   filled 
  a 
  few 
  inches, 
  or 
  even 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  feet, 
  with 
  the 
  excre- 
  

   ment 
  of 
  these 
  animals. 
  Ears 
  of 
  corn 
  and 
  corncobs 
  were 
  also 
  

   found 
  in 
  many 
  places. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  chambers 
  were 
  evidently 
  

   constructed 
  to 
  be 
  used 
  as 
  storehouses 
  or 
  caches 
  for 
  grain. 
  

   Altogether 
  it 
  is 
  very 
  evident 
  that 
  the 
  cliff 
  houses 
  have 
  been 
  

   used 
  in 
  comparatively 
  modern 
  times; 
  at 
  any 
  rate 
  since 
  the 
  

   people 
  owned 
  asses, 
  goats, 
  and 
  sheep. 
  The 
  rock 
  is 
  of 
  such 
  a 
  

   friable 
  nature 
  that 
  it 
  will 
  not 
  stand 
  atmospheric 
  degradation 
  

   very 
  long, 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  abundant 
  evidence 
  of 
  this 
  character 
  

   testifying 
  to 
  the 
  recent 
  occupancy 
  of 
  these 
  cavate 
  dwellings. 
  

  

  Above 
  the 
  cliffs, 
  on 
  the 
  mesas, 
  which 
  have 
  already 
  been 
  

   described, 
  evidences 
  of 
  more 
  ancient 
  ruins 
  were 
  found. 
  These 
  

   were 
  pueblos 
  built 
  of 
  cut 
  stone 
  rudely 
  dressed. 
  Every 
  mesa 
  

   had 
  at 
  least 
  one 
  ancient 
  pueblo 
  upon 
  it, 
  evidently 
  far 
  more 
  

   ancient 
  than 
  the 
  cavate 
  dwellings 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  

   cliffs. 
  It 
  is, 
  then, 
  very 
  plain 
  that 
  the 
  cavate 
  dwellings 
  are 
  not 
  

   of 
  great 
  age; 
  that 
  they 
  have 
  been 
  occupied 
  since 
  the 
  advent 
  

   of 
  the 
  white 
  man, 
  and 
  that 
  on 
  the 
  summit 
  of 
  the 
  cliffs 
  there 
  

   are 
  ruins 
  of 
  more 
  ancient 
  pueblos. 
  

  

  Now, 
  the 
  pottery 
  of 
  Santa 
  Clara 
  had 
  been 
  previously 
  studied 
  

   by 
  Mr. 
  Stevenson, 
  who 
  made 
  a 
  large 
  collection 
  there 
  two 
  or 
  

   three 
  years 
  ago, 
  and 
  it 
  was 
  at 
  once 
  noticed 
  that 
  the 
  potsherds 
  

   of 
  these 
  cliff 
  dwellings 
  are, 
  both 
  in 
  shape 
  and 
  material, 
  like 
  those 
  

   now 
  made 
  by 
  the 
  Santa 
  Clara 
  Indians. 
  The 
  peculiar 
  pottery 
  

   of 
  Santa 
  Clara 
  is 
  readily 
  distinguished, 
  as 
  may 
  be 
  seen 
  by 
  ex- 
  

   amining- 
  the 
  collection 
  now 
  in 
  the 
  National 
  Museum. 
  While 
  

   encamped 
  in 
  the 
  valley 
  below, 
  the 
  party 
  met 
  a 
  Santa 
  Clara 
  

   Indian 
  and 
  engaged 
  him 
  in 
  conversation. 
  From 
  him 
  the 
  history 
  

   of 
  the 
  cliff 
  dwellings 
  was 
  soon 
  obtained. 
  His 
  statement 
  was 
  

   that 
  originally 
  his 
  people 
  lived 
  in 
  six 
  pueblos, 
  built 
  of 
  cut 
  stone, 
  

  

  