﻿»'owell.] 
  LINGUISTIC 
  FAMILIES. 
  45 
  

  

  abundant 
  food 
  supply 
  ; 
  and 
  furthermore, 
  the 
  population 
  had 
  nowhere 
  

   augmented 
  sufficiently, 
  except 
  possibly 
  in 
  California, 
  to 
  press 
  upon 
  

   the 
  food 
  supply. 
  

  

  Third, 
  although 
  representing 
  a 
  small 
  population, 
  the 
  numerous 
  

   tribes 
  had 
  overspread 
  North 
  America 
  and 
  had 
  possessed 
  themselves 
  

   of 
  all 
  the 
  territory, 
  which, 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  a 
  great 
  majority 
  of 
  tribes, 
  

   was 
  owned 
  in 
  common 
  by 
  the 
  tribe. 
  

  

  Fourth, 
  prior 
  to 
  the 
  advent 
  of 
  the 
  European, 
  the 
  tribes 
  were 
  

   probably 
  nearly 
  in 
  a 
  state 
  of 
  equilibrium, 
  and 
  were 
  in 
  the 
  main 
  

   sedentary, 
  and 
  those 
  tribes 
  which 
  can 
  be 
  said 
  with 
  propriety 
  to 
  have 
  

   been 
  nomadic 
  became 
  so 
  only 
  after 
  the 
  advent 
  of 
  the 
  European, 
  and 
  

   largely 
  as 
  the 
  direct 
  result 
  of 
  the 
  acquisition 
  of 
  the 
  horse 
  and 
  the 
  

   introduction 
  of 
  firearms. 
  

  

  Fifth, 
  while 
  agriculture 
  was 
  general 
  among 
  the 
  tribes 
  of 
  the 
  east- 
  

   ern 
  United 
  States, 
  and 
  while 
  it 
  was 
  spreading 
  among 
  western 
  tribes, 
  

   its 
  products 
  were 
  nowhere 
  sufficient 
  wholly 
  to 
  emancipate 
  the 
  Indian 
  

   from 
  the 
  hunter 
  state. 
  

  

  LINGUISTIC 
  FAMILIES. 
  

  

  Within 
  the 
  area 
  covered 
  by 
  the 
  map 
  there 
  are 
  recognized 
  fifty- 
  

   eight 
  distinct 
  linguistic 
  families. 
  

  

  These 
  are 
  enumerated 
  in 
  alphabetical 
  order 
  and 
  each 
  is 
  accom- 
  

   panied 
  by 
  a 
  table 
  of 
  the 
  synonyms 
  of 
  the 
  family 
  name, 
  together 
  with 
  

   a 
  brief 
  statement 
  of 
  the 
  geographical 
  area 
  occupied 
  by 
  each 
  family, 
  

   so 
  far 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  known. 
  A 
  list 
  of 
  the 
  principal 
  tribes 
  of 
  each 
  family 
  

   also 
  is 
  given. 
  

  

  ADAIZAN 
  FAMILY. 
  

  

  = 
  Adaize, 
  Gallatin 
  in 
  Trans, 
  and 
  Coll. 
  Am. 
  Antiq. 
  Soc, 
  n, 
  116, 
  306, 
  1836. 
  Latham 
  

  

  in 
  Proc. 
  Philolog. 
  Soc, 
  Lond., 
  II, 
  31-59, 
  1846. 
  Latham, 
  Opuscula, 
  293, 
  1860. 
  

  

  Gallatin 
  in 
  Trans. 
  Am. 
  Eth. 
  Soc, 
  II, 
  xcix, 
  1848. 
  Gallatin 
  in 
  Schoolcraft 
  Ind. 
  

  

  Tribes, 
  III, 
  402, 
  1853. 
  Latham, 
  Elements 
  Comp. 
  Phil., 
  477, 
  1862 
  (referred 
  to 
  as 
  

  

  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  isolated 
  languages 
  of 
  N. 
  A.). 
  Keane, 
  App. 
  to 
  Stanford's 
  

  

  Comp. 
  (Cent, 
  and 
  So. 
  Am.), 
  478, 
  1878 
  (or 
  Adees). 
  

   = 
  Adaizi, 
  Prichard. 
  Phys. 
  Hist. 
  Mankind, 
  v, 
  406, 
  1847. 
  

   = 
  Adaise, 
  Gallatin 
  in 
  Trans. 
  Am. 
  Eth. 
  Soc, 
  II, 
  pt. 
  1, 
  77, 
  1848. 
  

   = 
  Adahi, 
  Latham, 
  Nat. 
  Hist. 
  Man, 
  342, 
  1850. 
  Latham 
  in 
  Trans. 
  Philolog. 
  Soc. 
  . 
  U 
  ind. 
  . 
  

  

  103, 
  1856. 
  Latham, 
  Opuscula, 
  366, 
  368, 
  1860. 
  Latham, 
  Elements 
  Comp., 
  Phil., 
  

  

  473, 
  477, 
  1862 
  (same 
  as 
  his 
  Adaize 
  above). 
  

   = 
  Adaes, 
  Buschmann, 
  Spuren 
  der 
  aztekischen 
  Sprache, 
  424, 
  1859. 
  

   = 
  Adees. 
  Keane, 
  App. 
  to 
  Stanford's 
  Comp. 
  (Cent, 
  and 
  So. 
  Am.) 
  478, 
  1878 
  (same 
  as 
  

  

  his 
  Adaize). 
  

   = 
  Adai, 
  Gatschet, 
  Creek 
  Mig. 
  Leg., 
  41, 
  1884. 
  

  

  Derivation: 
  From 
  a 
  Caddo 
  word 
  hadai, 
  sig. 
  "brush 
  wood." 
  

   This 
  family 
  was 
  based 
  upon 
  the 
  language 
  spoken 
  by 
  a 
  single 
  tribe 
  

   who, 
  according 
  to 
  Dr. 
  Sibley, 
  lived 
  about 
  the 
  year 
  1800 
  near 
  the 
  old 
  

  

  