﻿P0WELL 
  1 
  ATHAPASCAN 
  FAMILY. 
  53 
  

  

  Northern 
  group.— 
  This 
  includes 
  all 
  the 
  Athapascan 
  tribes 
  of 
  Brit- 
  

   ish 
  North 
  America 
  and 
  Alaska. 
  In 
  the 
  former 
  region 
  the 
  Athapas- 
  

   cans 
  occupy 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  western 
  interior, 
  being 
  bounded 
  on 
  the 
  

   north 
  by 
  the 
  Arctic 
  Eskimo, 
  who 
  inhabit 
  a 
  narrow 
  strip 
  of 
  coast; 
  

   on 
  the 
  east 
  by 
  the 
  Eskimo 
  of 
  Hudson's 
  Bay 
  as 
  far 
  south 
  as 
  Churchill 
  

   River, 
  south 
  of 
  which 
  river 
  the 
  country 
  is 
  occupied 
  by 
  Algonquian 
  

   tribes. 
  On 
  the 
  south 
  the 
  Athapascan 
  tribes 
  extended 
  to 
  the 
  main 
  

   ridge 
  between 
  the 
  Athapasca 
  and 
  Saskatchewan 
  Rivers, 
  where 
  they 
  

   met 
  Algonquian 
  tribes; 
  west 
  of 
  this 
  area 
  they 
  were 
  bounded 
  on 
  the 
  

   south 
  by 
  Salishan 
  tribes, 
  the 
  limits 
  of 
  whose 
  territory 
  on 
  Fraser 
  

   River 
  and 
  its 
  tributaries 
  appear 
  on 
  Tolmie 
  and 
  Dawson's 
  map 
  of 
  

   L884. 
  On 
  the 
  west, 
  in 
  British 
  Columbia, 
  the 
  Athapascan 
  tribes 
  

   nowhere 
  reach 
  the 
  coast, 
  being 
  cut 
  off 
  by 
  the 
  Wakashan, 
  Salishan, 
  

   and 
  Chimmesyan 
  families. 
  

  

  The 
  interior 
  of 
  Alaska 
  is 
  chiefly 
  occupied 
  by 
  tribes 
  of 
  this 
  family. 
  

   Eskimo 
  tribes 
  have 
  encroached 
  somewhat 
  upon 
  the 
  interior 
  along 
  the 
  

   Yukon, 
  Kuskokwhn, 
  Kowak, 
  and 
  Noatak 
  Rivers, 
  reaching 
  on 
  the 
  

   Yukon 
  to 
  somewhat 
  below 
  Shageluk 
  Island, 
  1 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  Kuskok- 
  

   wim 
  nearly 
  or 
  quite 
  to 
  Kolmakoff 
  Redoubt." 
  Upon 
  the 
  two 
  latter 
  

   they 
  reach 
  quite 
  to 
  their 
  heads. 
  3 
  A 
  few 
  Kutckin 
  tribes 
  are 
  (or 
  have 
  

   been) 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  Porcupine 
  and 
  Yukon 
  Rivers, 
  but 
  until 
  recently 
  

   it 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  known 
  that 
  they 
  extended 
  north 
  beyond 
  the 
  Yukon 
  

   and 
  Romanzoff 
  Mountains. 
  Explorations 
  of 
  Lieutenant 
  Stoney, 
  in 
  

   1885, 
  establish 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  region 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  of 
  those 
  mount- 
  

   ains 
  is 
  occupied 
  by 
  Athapascan 
  tribes, 
  and 
  the 
  map 
  is 
  colored 
  

   accordingly. 
  Only 
  in 
  two 
  places 
  in 
  Alaska 
  do 
  the 
  Athapascan 
  tribes 
  

   reach 
  the 
  coast— 
  the 
  K'naia-khotana, 
  on 
  Cook's 
  Inlet, 
  and 
  the 
  Ah- 
  

   tena, 
  of 
  Copper 
  River. 
  

  

  Pacific 
  group 
  — 
  Unlike 
  the 
  tribes 
  of 
  the 
  Northern 
  group, 
  most 
  of 
  

   those 
  of 
  the 
  Pacific 
  group 
  have 
  removed 
  from 
  their 
  priscan 
  habitats 
  

   since 
  the 
  advent 
  of 
  the 
  white 
  race. 
  The 
  Pacific 
  group 
  embraces 
  

   the 
  following: 
  Kwalhioqua, 
  formerly 
  on 
  Willopah 
  River, 
  Washing- 
  

   ton, 
  near 
  the 
  Lower 
  Chinook; 
  4 
  Owilapsh, 
  formerly 
  between 
  Shoal- 
  

   water 
  Bay 
  and 
  the 
  heads 
  of 
  the 
  Chehalis 
  River, 
  Washington, 
  the 
  

   territory 
  of 
  these 
  two 
  tribes 
  being 
  practically 
  continuous; 
  Tlatscanai, 
  

   formerly 
  on 
  a 
  small 
  stream 
  on 
  the 
  northwest 
  side 
  of 
  Wapatoo 
  

   Island." 
  Gibbs 
  was 
  informed 
  by 
  an 
  old 
  Indian 
  that 
  this 
  tribe 
  

   "formerly 
  owned 
  the 
  prairies 
  on 
  the 
  Tsihalis 
  at 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  

   the 
  Skukumchuck. 
  but. 
  on 
  the 
  failure 
  of 
  game, 
  left 
  the 
  country, 
  

   crossed 
  the 
  Columbia 
  River, 
  and 
  occupied 
  the 
  mountains 
  to 
  the 
  

  

  1 
  Dall, 
  Map 
  Alaska, 
  1877. 
  

  

  - 
  Fide 
  Nelson 
  in 
  Ball's 
  address, 
  Am. 
  Assoc. 
  Adv. 
  Sci., 
  1885, 
  p. 
  13. 
  

  

  3 
  Cruise 
  of 
  the 
  Corwin, 
  1887. 
  

  

  ••Gibbs 
  in 
  Pac. 
  R. 
  R. 
  Rep. 
  I. 
  1855, 
  p. 
  428. 
  

  

  5 
  Lewis 
  and 
  Clarke, 
  Exp., 
  1814, 
  vol. 
  2, 
  p. 
  388 
  

  

  