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  INDIAN 
  LINGUISTIC 
  KAMI 
  I.IKS. 
  

  

  The 
  boundaries 
  of 
  the 
  Caddoan 
  family, 
  as 
  at 
  present 
  understood, 
  

   can 
  besi 
  be 
  given 
  under 
  three 
  primary 
  groups, 
  Northern, 
  Middle, 
  

   and 
  Southern. 
  

  

  Norlln 
  rn 
  </ 
  run 
  /). 
  — 
  This 
  comprises 
  the 
  Ankara 
  orRee, 
  now 
  confined 
  

   to 
  a 
  small 
  village 
  (on 
  Fort 
  Berthold 
  Reservation, 
  North 
  Dakota,) 
  

   which 
  they 
  share 
  with 
  the 
  Mandan 
  and 
  Hidatsa 
  tribes 
  of 
  the 
  Siouan 
  

   family. 
  The 
  Arikara 
  are 
  the 
  remains 
  often 
  different 
  tribes 
  of 
  "Pa- 
  

   neas," 
  who 
  had 
  been 
  driven 
  from 
  their 
  country 
  lower 
  down 
  the 
  Mis- 
  

   souri 
  River 
  (near 
  the 
  Ponka 
  habitat 
  in 
  northern 
  Nebraska) 
  by 
  the 
  

   Dakota. 
  In 
  1804 
  they 
  were 
  in 
  three 
  villages, 
  nearer 
  their 
  present 
  

   location.' 
  

  

  According 
  to 
  Omaha 
  tradition, 
  the 
  Arikara 
  were 
  their 
  allies 
  when 
  

   these 
  two 
  tribes 
  and 
  several 
  others 
  were 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  River. 
  2 
  

   Fort 
  Berthold 
  Reservation, 
  their 
  present 
  abode, 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  northwest 
  

   corner 
  of 
  North 
  Dakota. 
  

  

  Middle 
  group. 
  — 
  This 
  includes 
  the 
  four 
  tribes 
  or 
  villages 
  of 
  Paw- 
  

   nee, 
  the 
  Grand, 
  Republican, 
  Tapage, 
  and 
  Skidi. 
  Dunbar 
  says: 
  

   " 
  The 
  original 
  hunting 
  ground 
  of 
  the 
  Pawnee 
  extended 
  from 
  the 
  Nio- 
  

   brara," 
  in 
  Nebraska, 
  " 
  south 
  to 
  the 
  Arkansas, 
  but 
  no 
  definite 
  boun- 
  

   daries 
  cau 
  be 
  fixed." 
  In 
  modern 
  times 
  their 
  villages 
  have 
  been 
  on 
  

   the 
  Platte 
  River 
  west 
  of 
  Columbus, 
  Nebraska. 
  The 
  Omaha 
  and 
  

   Oto 
  were 
  sometimes 
  southeast 
  of 
  them 
  near 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  Platte, 
  

   and 
  the 
  Comanche 
  were 
  northwest 
  of 
  them 
  on 
  the 
  upper 
  part 
  of 
  

   one 
  of 
  the 
  branches 
  of 
  the 
  Loup 
  Fork. 
  3 
  The 
  Pawnee 
  were 
  removed 
  

   to 
  Indian 
  Territory 
  in 
  187G. 
  The 
  Grand 
  Pawnee 
  and 
  Tapage 
  

   did 
  not 
  wander 
  far 
  from 
  their 
  habitat 
  on 
  the 
  Platte. 
  The 
  Republi- 
  

   can 
  Pawnee 
  separated 
  from 
  the 
  Grand 
  about 
  the 
  year 
  1796, 
  and 
  

   made 
  a 
  village 
  on 
  a 
  "large 
  northwardly 
  branch 
  of 
  the 
  Kansas 
  

   River, 
  to 
  which 
  they 
  have 
  given 
  their 
  name; 
  afterwards 
  they 
  sub- 
  

   divided, 
  and 
  lived 
  in 
  different 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  country 
  on 
  the 
  waters 
  

   of 
  Kansas 
  River. 
  In 
  1805 
  they 
  rejoined 
  the 
  Grand 
  Pawnee." 
  The 
  

   Skidi 
  (Panimalia, 
  or 
  Pawnee 
  Loup), 
  according 
  to 
  Omaha 
  tradition,' 
  

   formerly 
  dwelt 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  River, 
  where 
  they 
  were 
  the 
  

   allies 
  of 
  the 
  Arikara, 
  Omaha, 
  Ponka, 
  etc. 
  After 
  their 
  passage 
  of 
  

   the 
  Missouri 
  they 
  were 
  conquered 
  by 
  the 
  Grand 
  Pawnee, 
  Tapage, 
  

   and 
  Republican 
  tribes, 
  with 
  whom 
  they 
  have 
  remained 
  to 
  this 
  day. 
  

   De 
  LTsle" 
  gives 
  twelve 
  Panimaha 
  villages 
  on 
  the 
  Missouri 
  River 
  

   north 
  of 
  the 
  Pani 
  villages 
  on 
  the 
  Kansas 
  River. 
  

  

  Southt 
  rn 
  group. 
  — 
  This 
  includes 
  the 
  Caddo, 
  Wichita, 
  Kichai, 
  and 
  

   other 
  tribes 
  or 
  villages 
  which 
  were 
  formerly 
  in 
  Texas, 
  Louisiana, 
  

   Arkansas, 
  and 
  Indian 
  Territory. 
  

  

  1 
  Lewis, 
  Travels 
  of 
  Lewis 
  and 
  < 
  llarke, 
  15, 
  1809. 
  

  

  2 
  Dorsey 
  in 
  Am. 
  Naturalist, 
  March, 
  1886, 
  p. 
  215. 
  

  

  3 
  Dorsey, 
  Omaha 
  map 
  of 
  Nebraska. 
  

  

  4 
  Dorsey 
  in 
  Am. 
  Nat., 
  March, 
  1886, 
  p. 
  215. 
  

   6 
  Carte 
  de 
  la 
  Louisiane, 
  1718. 
  

  

  