﻿ro 
  

  

  INDIAN 
  LINGUISTIC 
  FAMILIES. 
  

  

  the 
  eastern 
  bank 
  of 
  the 
  Sacramento. 
  The 
  western 
  boundary 
  of 
  the 
  

   Copehan 
  family 
  begins 
  at 
  the 
  northernmost 
  point 
  of 
  San 
  Pablo 
  Bay, 
  

   trends 
  to 
  the 
  northwest 
  in 
  a 
  somewhat 
  irregular 
  line 
  till 
  it 
  readies 
  

   John's 
  Peak, 
  from 
  which 
  point 
  it 
  follows 
  the 
  Coast 
  Range 
  to 
  the 
  

   upper 
  waters 
  of 
  Cottonwood 
  Creek, 
  whence 
  it 
  deflects 
  to 
  the 
  west, 
  

   crossing 
  the 
  headwaters 
  of 
  the 
  Trinity 
  and 
  ending 
  at 
  the 
  southern 
  

   boundary 
  of 
  the 
  Sastean 
  family. 
  

  

  A. 
  

  

  Patwin 
  : 
  

   Chenposel. 
  

   Guilito. 
  

   Korusi. 
  

   Liwaito. 
  

   Lolsel. 
  

   Makhelchel. 
  

   Malaka. 
  

  

  PRINCIPAL 
  TRIBES. 
  

  

  Napa. 
  

  

  Olelato. 
  

  

  Olposel. 
  

  

  Suisun. 
  

  

  Todetabi. 
  

  

  Topaidisel. 
  

  

  Waikosel. 
  

  

  Wailaksel. 
  

  

  B. 
  Wintu: 
  

  

  Daupom. 
  

  

  Nomlaki. 
  

  

  Nornmuk. 
  

  

  Norelmuk. 
  

  

  Normuk. 
  

  

  Waikenmuk. 
  

  

  Wailaki. 
  

  

  COSTANOAN 
  FAMILY. 
  

  

  = 
  ( 
  lostano, 
  Latham 
  in 
  Trans. 
  Philolog. 
  Soc. 
  Lond., 
  82.1856 
  (includes 
  the 
  Ahwastes, 
  

   Olhones 
  or 
  Costanos, 
  Komonans,Tulomos, 
  Altatmos). 
  Latham, 
  Opuscula, 
  348, 
  

   1860. 
  

   < 
  Mutsun, 
  Gatschet 
  in 
  Mag. 
  Am. 
  Hist.. 
  157. 
  1877 
  (includes 
  A 
  hwastes, 
  Olhones, 
  Al- 
  

   tahmos, 
  Romonans. 
  Tulomos). 
  Powell 
  inCont. 
  N. 
  A. 
  Eth., 
  111,535, 
  1877 
  (includes 
  

   under 
  this 
  family 
  vocabs. 
  of 
  Costano, 
  Mutsun, 
  Santa 
  Clara, 
  Santa 
  Cruz). 
  

  

  Derivation: 
  From 
  the 
  Spanish 
  costano, 
  "coast-men." 
  

   Under-this 
  group 
  name 
  Latham 
  included 
  five 
  tribes, 
  given 
  above, 
  

   which 
  were 
  under 
  the 
  supervision 
  of 
  the 
  Mission 
  Dolores. 
  He 
  

   gives 
  a 
  few 
  words 
  of 
  the 
  Romonan 
  language, 
  comparing 
  it 
  with 
  

   Tshokoyem 
  which 
  he 
  finds 
  to 
  differ 
  markedly. 
  He 
  finally 
  expresses 
  

   the 
  opinion 
  that, 
  notwithstanding 
  the* 
  resemblance 
  of 
  a 
  few 
  words, 
  

   notably 
  personal 
  pronouns, 
  to 
  Tshokoyem 
  of 
  the 
  Moquelumnan 
  

   group, 
  the 
  affinities 
  of 
  the 
  dialects 
  of 
  the 
  Costano 
  are 
  with 
  the 
  

   Salinas 
  group, 
  with 
  which, 
  however, 
  he 
  does 
  not 
  unite 
  it 
  but 
  pre- 
  

   fers 
  to 
  keep 
  it 
  by 
  itself. 
  Later, 
  in 
  1877, 
  Mr. 
  Gatschet,' 
  under 
  the 
  

   family 
  name 
  Mutsun, 
  united 
  the 
  Costano 
  dialects 
  with 
  the 
  ones 
  

   classified 
  by 
  Latham 
  under 
  Moquelumnan. 
  This 
  arrangement 
  was 
  

   followed 
  by 
  Powell 
  in 
  his 
  classification 
  of 
  vocabularies. 
  2 
  More 
  

   recent 
  comparison 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  published 
  material 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Curtin, 
  of 
  

   the 
  Bureau, 
  revealed 
  very 
  decided 
  and 
  apparently 
  radical 
  differ- 
  

   ences 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  groups 
  of 
  dialects. 
  In 
  1888 
  Mr. 
  H. 
  W. 
  

   Henshaw 
  visited 
  the 
  coast 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  and 
  south 
  of 
  San 
  Francisco, 
  

   and 
  obtained 
  a 
  considerable 
  body 
  of 
  linguistic 
  material 
  for 
  further 
  

   comparison. 
  The 
  result 
  seems 
  fully 
  to 
  justify 
  the 
  separation 
  of 
  the 
  

   two 
  groups 
  as 
  distinct 
  families. 
  

  

  1 
  Mag. 
  Am. 
  Hist.. 
  1877, 
  p. 
  157. 
  

  

  ! 
  Cont. 
  N. 
  A. 
  Eth. 
  . 
  1877, 
  vol. 
  3. 
  p. 
  535. 
  

  

  