﻿72 
  INDIAN 
  LINGUISTIC 
  FAMILIES. 
  

  

  >Konjagen, 
  Holmberg, 
  Ethnograph. 
  Skizzen 
  Volker 
  Russ. 
  Am., 
  1855 
  (Island 
  of 
  

   Koniag 
  or 
  Kadiak). 
  

  

  — 
  Orarians, 
  Dall 
  in 
  Proo. 
  Am. 
  Ass.. 
  305. 
  IW.) 
  (group 
  name; 
  includes 
  Innuit. 
  Aleu- 
  

   tians. 
  Tuski 
  i. 
  Dall. 
  Alaska 
  and 
  Resources, 
  374, 
  1870. 
  Dall 
  in 
  Cont. 
  N. 
  A. 
  Eth., 
  

   [,8,9, 
  L877. 
  

  

  X 
  Tinneh, 
  Dall 
  in 
  Proc. 
  Am. 
  Ass. 
  ,269, 
  18t>9 
  (includes 
  " 
  Ugalense"). 
  

  

  > 
  Innuit, 
  Dall 
  in 
  Cont. 
  N. 
  A. 
  Eth., 
  1, 
  9, 
  1877 
  (" 
  Major 
  group 
  " 
  of 
  Orarians: 
  treats 
  of 
  

   \laska 
  Innuit 
  only). 
  Berghaus, 
  Physik. 
  Atlas, 
  map 
  72, 
  1887 
  (excludes 
  the 
  Aleu- 
  

   tians). 
  

  

  Derivation: 
  From 
  an 
  Algonkiu. 
  word 
  eskimantik, 
  "eaters 
  of 
  raw 
  

   flesh." 
  

  

  GEOGRAPHIC 
  DISTRIBUTION. 
  

  

  The 
  geographic 
  boundaries 
  of 
  this 
  family 
  were 
  set 
  forth 
  by 
  Gal- 
  

   latin 
  in 
  1836 
  with 
  considerable 
  precision, 
  and 
  require 
  comparatively 
  

   little 
  revision 
  and 
  correction. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  linear 
  extent 
  of 
  country 
  occupied, 
  the 
  Eskimauan 
  is 
  the 
  most 
  

   remarkable 
  of 
  the 
  North 
  American 
  linguistic 
  families. 
  It 
  extends 
  

   coastwise 
  from 
  eastern 
  Greenland 
  to 
  western 
  Alaska 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  

   extremity 
  of 
  the 
  Aleutian 
  Islands, 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  considerably 
  more 
  

   than 
  5,000 
  miles. 
  The 
  winter 
  or 
  permanent 
  villages 
  are 
  usually 
  sit- 
  

   uated 
  on 
  the 
  coast 
  and 
  are 
  frequently 
  at 
  considerable 
  distances 
  from 
  

   one 
  another, 
  the 
  intervening 
  areas 
  being 
  usually 
  visited 
  in 
  summer, 
  

   for 
  hunting 
  and 
  fishing 
  purposes. 
  The 
  interior 
  is 
  also 
  visited 
  by 
  the 
  

   Eskimo 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  hunting 
  reindeer 
  and 
  other 
  animals, 
  

   though 
  they 
  rarely 
  penetrate 
  farther 
  than 
  50 
  miles. 
  A 
  narrow 
  strip 
  

   along 
  the 
  coast, 
  perhaps 
  30 
  miles 
  wide, 
  will 
  probably, 
  on 
  the 
  average, 
  

   represent 
  Eskimo 
  occupancy. 
  

  

  Except 
  upon 
  the 
  Aleutian 
  Islands, 
  the 
  dialects 
  spoken 
  over 
  this 
  

   vast 
  area 
  are 
  very 
  similar, 
  the 
  unity 
  of 
  dialect 
  thus 
  observable 
  being 
  

   in 
  marked 
  contrast 
  to 
  the 
  tendency 
  to 
  change 
  exhibited 
  in 
  other 
  lin- 
  

   guistic 
  families 
  of 
  North 
  America. 
  

  

  How 
  far 
  north 
  the 
  east 
  coast 
  of 
  Greenland 
  is 
  inhabited 
  by 
  Eskimo 
  

   is 
  not 
  at 
  present 
  known. 
  In 
  1823 
  Capt. 
  Clavering 
  met 
  with 
  two 
  

   families 
  of 
  Eskimo 
  north 
  of 
  74° 
  30'. 
  Recent 
  explorations 
  (1884-'85) 
  

   by 
  Capt. 
  Holm, 
  of 
  the 
  Danish 
  Navy, 
  along 
  the 
  southeast 
  coast 
  

   reveal 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  Eskimo 
  between 
  G5° 
  and 
  00° 
  north 
  latitude. 
  

   These 
  Eskimo 
  profess 
  entire 
  ignorance 
  of 
  any 
  inhabitants 
  north 
  (if 
  

   themselves, 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  taken 
  as 
  proof 
  that 
  if 
  there 
  are 
  fiords 
  

   farther 
  up 
  the 
  coast 
  which 
  are 
  inhabited 
  there 
  has 
  been 
  no 
  intercom- 
  

   munication 
  in 
  recent 
  times 
  at 
  least 
  between 
  these 
  tribes 
  and 
  those 
  to 
  

   the 
  south. 
  It 
  seems 
  probable 
  that 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  isolated 
  colonies 
  of 
  

   Eskimo 
  do 
  actually 
  exist 
  along 
  the 
  east 
  coast 
  of 
  Greenland 
  far 
  to 
  

   the 
  north. 
  

  

  Along 
  the 
  west 
  coast 
  of 
  Greenland, 
  Eskimo 
  occupancy 
  extends 
  to 
  

   about 
  74°. 
  This 
  division 
  is 
  separated 
  by 
  a 
  considerable 
  interval 
  of 
  

   uninhabited 
  coast 
  from 
  the 
  Etah 
  Eskimo 
  who 
  occupythe 
  coast 
  from 
  

   Smith 
  Sound 
  to 
  Cape 
  York, 
  their 
  most 
  northerly 
  village 
  being 
  in 
  

  

  