﻿POWKLL 
  -l 
  IROQUOIAN 
  FAMILY. 
  77 
  

  

  > 
  ( 
  Ihelekees, 
  Keane, 
  App. 
  Stanford's 
  Comp. 
  (( 
  tent, 
  and 
  So. 
  Am. 
  ). 
  47-?. 
  1878 
  (or 
  Chero- 
  

   kee*). 
  

  

  >Cheroki, 
  Gatschet, 
  Creek 
  Mig. 
  Legend, 
  i. 
  24, 
  1884. 
  Gatschet 
  in 
  Science 
  413 
  

  

  April 
  29, 
  1887. 
  

   = 
  Huron-Cherokee. 
  Hale 
  in 
  Am. 
  Antiq., 
  20, 
  Jan., 
  1883 
  (proposed 
  as 
  a 
  family 
  name 
  

  

  instead 
  of 
  Huron-Iroquois; 
  relationship 
  to 
  Iroquois 
  affirmed). 
  

   Derivation: 
  French 
  adaptation 
  of 
  the 
  Iroquois 
  word 
  hiro, 
  used 
  to 
  

   conclude 
  a 
  speech, 
  and 
  koue, 
  an 
  exclamation 
  (Charlevoix). 
  Hale 
  

   gives 
  as 
  possible 
  derivations 
  ierokwa, 
  the 
  indeterminate 
  form 
  of 
  the 
  

   verb 
  to 
  smoke, 
  signifying 
  "they 
  who 
  smoke;" 
  also 
  the 
  Cayuga 
  

   fi 
  inn 
  of 
  bear, 
  iakwai. 
  ' 
  Mr. 
  Hewitt 
  2 
  suggests 
  the 
  Algonkin 
  words 
  irin, 
  

   true, 
  or 
  real; 
  ako, 
  snake; 
  with 
  the 
  French 
  termination 
  ois, 
  the 
  word 
  

   becomes 
  Irinakois. 
  

  

  With 
  reference 
  to 
  this 
  family 
  it 
  is 
  of 
  interest 
  to 
  note 
  that 
  as 
  

   early 
  as 
  1798 
  Barton 
  1 
  compared 
  the 
  Cheroki 
  language 
  with 
  that 
  

   of 
  the 
  Iroquois 
  and 
  stated 
  his 
  belief 
  that 
  there 
  was 
  a 
  connec- 
  

   tion 
  between 
  them. 
  Gallatin, 
  in 
  the 
  Archseologia 
  Americana, 
  refers 
  

   to 
  the 
  opinion 
  expressed 
  by 
  Barton, 
  and 
  although 
  he 
  states 
  that 
  he 
  

   is 
  inclined 
  to 
  agree 
  with 
  that 
  author, 
  yet 
  he 
  does 
  not 
  formally 
  refer 
  

   Cheroki 
  to 
  that 
  family, 
  concluding 
  that 
  " 
  We 
  have 
  not 
  a 
  sufficient 
  

   knowledge 
  of 
  the 
  grammar, 
  and 
  generally 
  of 
  the 
  language 
  of 
  the 
  

   Five 
  Nations, 
  or 
  of 
  the 
  Wyandots, 
  to 
  decide 
  that 
  question.*" 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Hale 
  was 
  the 
  first 
  to 
  give 
  formal 
  expression 
  to 
  his 
  belief 
  in 
  

   the 
  affinity 
  of 
  the 
  Cheroki 
  to 
  Iroquois. 
  Recently 
  extensive 
  Cheroki 
  

   vocabularies 
  have 
  come 
  into 
  possession 
  of 
  the 
  Bureau 
  of 
  Ethnology, 
  

   and 
  a 
  careful 
  comparison 
  of 
  them 
  with 
  ample 
  Iroquois 
  material 
  has 
  

   been 
  made 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Hewitt. 
  The 
  result 
  is 
  convincing 
  proof 
  of 
  the 
  

   relationship 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  languages 
  as 
  affirmed 
  by 
  Barton 
  so 
  long 
  ago. 
  

  

  GEOGRAPHIC 
  DISTRIBUTION. 
  

  

  Unlike 
  most 
  linguistic 
  stocks, 
  the 
  Iroquoian 
  tribes 
  did 
  not 
  occupy 
  

   a 
  continuous 
  area, 
  but 
  when 
  first 
  known 
  to 
  Europeans 
  were 
  settled 
  in 
  

   three 
  distinct 
  regions, 
  separated 
  from 
  each 
  other 
  by 
  tribes 
  of 
  other 
  

   lineage. 
  The 
  northern 
  group 
  was 
  surrounded 
  by 
  tribes 
  of 
  Algon- 
  

   quian 
  stock, 
  while 
  the 
  more 
  southern 
  groups 
  bordered 
  upon 
  the 
  

   Catawba 
  and 
  Maskoki. 
  

  

  A 
  tradition 
  of 
  the 
  Iroquois 
  points 
  to 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  region 
  

   as 
  the 
  early 
  home 
  of 
  the 
  Iroquoian 
  tribes, 
  whence 
  they 
  gradually 
  

   moved 
  down 
  to 
  the 
  southwest 
  along 
  the 
  shores 
  of 
  the 
  Great 
  Lakes. 
  

  

  When 
  Cartier, 
  in 
  1534. 
  first 
  explored 
  the 
  bays 
  and 
  inlets 
  of 
  the 
  

   Gulf 
  of 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  he 
  met 
  a 
  Huron- 
  Iroquoian 
  people 
  on 
  the 
  shores 
  

   ot 
  the 
  Bay 
  of 
  Gaspe', 
  who 
  also 
  visited 
  the 
  northern 
  coast 
  of 
  the 
  gulf. 
  

   In 
  the 
  following 
  year 
  when 
  he 
  sailed 
  up 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  River 
  he 
  

  

  1 
  Iroquois 
  Book 
  of 
  Rites, 
  1883, 
  app., 
  p. 
  173. 
  

  

  ■ 
  American 
  Anthropologist, 
  1888, 
  vol. 
  1, 
  p. 
  188. 
  

  

  ■ 
  New 
  Views 
  of 
  the 
  Origin 
  of 
  the 
  Tribes 
  and 
  Nations 
  of 
  America. 
  Phila. 
  , 
  1798. 
  

   ' 
  Trans. 
  Am. 
  Antiq. 
  Soc, 
  1836, 
  vol. 
  2, 
  p. 
  92. 
  

  

  £ 
  Am. 
  Antiq.. 
  1883. 
  vol. 
  5, 
  p. 
  20. 
  

  

  