﻿powbll.] 
  PALAIHNIHAN 
  FAMILY. 
  97 
  

  

  missionary 
  who 
  affirmed 
  the 
  affinity 
  of 
  the 
  Taenia 
  language 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  

   the 
  Xa'htchi, 
  before 
  he 
  had 
  visited 
  the 
  latter 
  in 
  1699, 
  and 
  of 
  Father 
  

   (iravier, 
  who 
  also 
  visited 
  them. 
  For 
  the 
  present, 
  therefore, 
  the 
  

   Taensa 
  language 
  is 
  considered 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  branch 
  of 
  the 
  Na'htchi. 
  

  

  The 
  Taensa 
  formerly 
  dwelt 
  upon 
  the 
  Mississippi, 
  above 
  and 
  close 
  

   to 
  the 
  Na'htchi. 
  Early 
  in 
  the 
  history 
  of 
  the 
  French 
  settlements 
  a 
  

   portion 
  of 
  the 
  Taensa, 
  pressed 
  upon 
  by 
  the 
  Chicasa, 
  fled 
  and 
  were 
  

   settled 
  by 
  the 
  French 
  upon 
  Mobile 
  Bay. 
  

  

  PRINCIPAL 
  TRIBES. 
  

  

  Na'htchi. 
  Taensa. 
  

  

  Population. 
  — 
  There 
  still 
  are 
  four 
  Na'htchi 
  among 
  the 
  Creek 
  in 
  

   Indian 
  Territory 
  and 
  a 
  number 
  in 
  the 
  Cheroki 
  Hills 
  near 
  the 
  Mis- 
  

   souri 
  border. 
  

  

  PALAIHNIHAN 
  FAMILY. 
  

  

  = 
  Palaihnih, 
  Hale 
  in 
  U. 
  S. 
  Expl. 
  Expd., 
  vi, 
  218. 
  569, 
  1846 
  (used 
  in 
  family 
  sense). 
  

  

  = 
  Palaik, 
  Hale 
  in 
  U. 
  S. 
  Expl. 
  Expd.. 
  VI, 
  199, 
  218. 
  569, 
  1846 
  (southeast 
  of 
  Lutuami 
  in 
  

   Oregon). 
  Gallatin 
  in 
  Trans. 
  Am. 
  Eth.Soc 
  II. 
  pt. 
  1. 
  18. 
  77. 
  1848. 
  Latham, 
  Nat. 
  

   Hist. 
  Mau.. 
  325, 
  1850 
  (southeast 
  of 
  Lutuami). 
  Berghaus 
  (1851). 
  Physik. 
  Atlas, 
  

   map 
  17. 
  1852. 
  Latham 
  in 
  Proe. 
  Philolog. 
  Sc.Lond.. 
  vi, 
  82, 
  1854 
  (cites 
  Hale's 
  

   vocab). 
  Latham 
  in 
  Trans. 
  Philolog. 
  Soc. 
  Loncl., 
  74, 
  1856 
  (has 
  Shoshoni 
  affini- 
  

   ties). 
  Latham, 
  Opuscula. 
  310, 
  341, 
  1860. 
  Latham, 
  El. 
  Comp. 
  Phil., 
  407, 
  1862. 
  

  

  = 
  Palainih. 
  Gallatin 
  in 
  Trans. 
  Am. 
  Eth. 
  Soc, 
  II, 
  pt. 
  1. 
  c, 
  1848. 
  (after 
  Hale). 
  

   Berghaus 
  (1851), 
  Physik. 
  Atlas, 
  map 
  17. 
  1852. 
  

  

  = 
  Pulairih, 
  Gallatin 
  in 
  Schoolcraft. 
  Ind. 
  Tribes, 
  in, 
  402, 
  1 
  853 
  (obvious 
  typographical 
  

   error: 
  quotes 
  Hale's 
  Palaik-i. 
  

  

  = 
  Pit 
  River, 
  Powers 
  in 
  Overland 
  Monthly, 
  412, 
  May, 
  1874 
  (three 
  principal 
  tribes 
  : 
  

   Achomawes, 
  Hamefcuttelies, 
  Astakaywas 
  or 
  Astakywich). 
  Gatschet 
  in 
  Mag. 
  

   Am. 
  Hist., 
  164. 
  1877 
  (gives 
  habitat 
  ; 
  quotes 
  Hale 
  for 
  tribes). 
  Gatschet 
  in 
  Beach, 
  

   Ind. 
  Misc.. 
  439. 
  1S77. 
  

  

  = 
  Acho-ina'-wi, 
  Powell 
  in 
  < 
  !ont. 
  X. 
  A. 
  Eth.. 
  in. 
  601, 
  1877. 
  vocabs. 
  of 
  A-cho-ma'-wi 
  

   and 
  Lutuami). 
  Powers 
  in 
  ibid. 
  , 
  267 
  (general 
  account 
  of 
  tribes: 
  A-cho-ma'-wi, 
  

   Hu-ma'-whi, 
  Es-ta-ke 
  -wach. 
  Han-te'-wa, 
  Chu-ma'-wa, 
  A-tu-a'-mih, 
  Il-ma'-wi). 
  

  

  < 
  Klamath. 
  Keane. 
  App. 
  Stanford's 
  Comp. 
  (Cent, 
  and 
  So. 
  Am. 
  ), 
  460, 
  475, 
  1878 
  

   (includes 
  Palaiksi. 
  

  

  <Shasta. 
  Bancroft. 
  Nat. 
  Races, 
  in. 
  565. 
  1882 
  (contains 
  Palaik 
  of 
  present 
  family). 
  

  

  Derivation 
  : 
  From 
  the 
  Klamath 
  word 
  p'laikm, 
  signifying 
  "moun- 
  

   taineers" 
  or 
  "uplanders" 
  (Gatschet). 
  

  

  In 
  two 
  places' 
  Hale 
  uses 
  the 
  terms 
  Palaihnih 
  and 
  Palaiks 
  inter- 
  

   changeably, 
  but 
  inasmuch 
  as 
  on 
  page 
  509. 
  in 
  his 
  formal 
  table 
  of 
  

   linguistic 
  families 
  and 
  languages, 
  he 
  calls 
  the 
  family 
  Palaihnih. 
  this 
  

   is 
  given 
  preference 
  over 
  the 
  shorter 
  form 
  of 
  the 
  name. 
  

  

  Though 
  here 
  classed 
  as 
  a 
  distinct 
  family, 
  the 
  status 
  of 
  the 
  Pit 
  

   River 
  dialects 
  can 
  not 
  be 
  considered 
  to 
  be 
  finally 
  settled. 
  Powers 
  

   speaks 
  of 
  the 
  language 
  as 
  "hopelessly 
  consonantal, 
  harsh, 
  and 
  ses- 
  

   quipedalian." 
  * 
  * 
  * 
  " 
  utterly 
  unlike 
  the 
  sweet 
  and 
  simple 
  lan- 
  

  

  1 
  U. 
  S. 
  Expl. 
  Expd., 
  1846, 
  vol. 
  6. 
  pp. 
  199, 
  218. 
  

   7 
  ETH 
  7 
  

  

  