﻿9S 
  INDIAN 
  LINGUISTIC 
  FAMILIES. 
  

  

  gauges 
  of 
  the 
  Sacramento." 
  He 
  adds 
  that 
  the 
  personal 
  pronouns 
  

   show 
  it 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  true 
  Digger 
  Indian 
  tongue. 
  Recent 
  investigations 
  

   by 
  Mr.Gatschet 
  lead 
  him, 
  however, 
  to 
  believe 
  that 
  ultimately 
  it 
  will 
  

   be 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  linguistically 
  related 
  to 
  the 
  Sastean 
  languages. 
  

  

  GEOGRAPHIC 
  DISTRIBUTION. 
  

  

  The 
  family 
  was 
  located 
  by 
  Hale 
  to 
  the 
  southeast 
  of 
  the 
  Lutuami 
  

   (Klamath). 
  They 
  chiefly 
  occupied 
  the 
  area 
  drained 
  by 
  the 
  Pit 
  

   River 
  in 
  extreme 
  northeastern 
  California. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  tribe 
  were 
  

   removed 
  to 
  Round 
  Valley 
  Reservation, 
  California. 
  

  

  PRINCIPAL 
  TRIBES. 
  

  

  Powers, 
  who 
  has 
  made 
  a 
  special 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  tribe, 
  recognizes 
  the 
  

   following 
  principal 
  tribal 
  divisions 
  :' 
  

  

  Achoma'wi. 
  Estake'wach. 
  Ilma'wi. 
  

  

  Atua'mih. 
  Hante'wa. 
  Pakamalli? 
  

  

  Chuma'wa. 
  Humawhi. 
  

  

  PIMAN 
  FAMILY. 
  

  

  =Pima, 
  Latham, 
  Nat. 
  Hist. 
  Man, 
  398, 
  1850 
  (cites 
  three 
  languages 
  from 
  the 
  Mithri- 
  

   dates, 
  viz, 
  Pima 
  proper, 
  Opata, 
  Eudeve). 
  Turner 
  in 
  Pac. 
  R. 
  R. 
  Rep., 
  m, 
  pt. 
  :i, 
  55, 
  

   1856 
  (Pima 
  proper). 
  Latham 
  in 
  Trans. 
  Philolog. 
  Soc. 
  Lond., 
  92, 
  1856 
  (contains 
  

   Pima 
  proper. 
  Opata, 
  Eudeve, 
  Papagos). 
  Latham, 
  Opuscula, 
  356, 
  1860. 
  Latham, 
  

   El. 
  Comp. 
  Phil., 
  427, 
  1862 
  (includes 
  Pima 
  proper, 
  Opata, 
  Eudeve. 
  Papago, 
  

   Ibequi, 
  Hiaqui, 
  Tubar, 
  Tarahumara, 
  Cora). 
  Gatschet 
  in 
  Mag. 
  Am. 
  Hist., 
  156, 
  

   1877 
  (includes 
  Pima, 
  Nevome, 
  Papago). 
  Gatschet 
  in 
  Beach, 
  Ind. 
  Misc., 
  429, 
  1877 
  

   (defines 
  area 
  and 
  gives 
  habitat). 
  

  

  Latham 
  used 
  the 
  term 
  Pima 
  in 
  1850, 
  citing 
  under 
  it 
  three 
  dialects 
  

   or 
  languages. 
  Subsequently, 
  in 
  1856, 
  he 
  used 
  the 
  same 
  term 
  for 
  one 
  

   of 
  the 
  five 
  divisions 
  into 
  which 
  he 
  separates 
  the 
  languages 
  of 
  Sonora 
  

   and 
  Sinaloa. 
  

  

  The 
  same 
  year 
  Turner 
  gave 
  a 
  brief 
  account 
  of 
  Pima 
  as 
  a 
  distinct 
  

   language, 
  his 
  remarks 
  applying 
  mainly 
  to 
  Pima 
  proper 
  of 
  the 
  

   Gila 
  River, 
  Arizona. 
  This 
  tribe 
  had 
  been 
  visited 
  by 
  Emory 
  and 
  

   Johnston 
  and 
  also 
  described 
  by 
  Bartlett. 
  Turner 
  refers 
  to 
  a 
  short 
  

   vocabulary 
  in 
  the 
  Mithridates, 
  another 
  of 
  Dr. 
  Coulter's 
  in 
  Royal 
  

   Geological 
  Society 
  Journal, 
  vol. 
  XI, 
  1841, 
  and 
  a 
  third 
  by 
  Parry 
  in 
  

   Schoolcraft. 
  Indian 
  Tribes, 
  vol. 
  m. 
  1853. 
  The 
  short 
  vocabulary 
  he 
  

   himself 
  published 
  was 
  collected 
  by 
  Lieut. 
  Whipple. 
  

  

  Only 
  a 
  small 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  territory 
  occupied 
  by 
  this 
  family 
  is 
  

   included 
  within 
  the 
  United 
  States, 
  the 
  greater 
  portion 
  being 
  in 
  Mexico 
  

   where 
  it 
  extends 
  to 
  the 
  Gulf 
  of 
  California. 
  The 
  family 
  is 
  repre- 
  

   sented 
  in 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  by 
  three 
  tribes, 
  Pima 
  alta, 
  Sobaipuri, 
  and 
  

   Papago. 
  The 
  former 
  have 
  lived 
  for 
  at 
  least 
  two 
  centuries 
  with 
  the 
  

  

  1 
  Cont. 
  N. 
  A. 
  Eth. 
  vol. 
  3, 
  p. 
  267. 
  

  

  