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  INDIAN 
  LINGUISTIC 
  FAMILIES. 
  

  

  name 
  ; 
  preference, 
  however, 
  is 
  given 
  ro 
  Salish. 
  The 
  few 
  wordsfrom 
  

   the 
  Friendly 
  Village 
  near 
  the 
  sources 
  of 
  the 
  Salmon 
  River 
  given 
  by 
  

   Gallatin 
  in 
  Archseologia 
  Americana, 
  n. 
  L836, 
  pp. 
  15, 
  306, 
  belong 
  under 
  

   this 
  family. 
  

  

  GEI 
  IGRAPHIC 
  DISTRIBUTION-. 
  

  

  Since 
  Gallatin's 
  time, 
  through 
  the 
  labors 
  of 
  Riggs, 
  Hale, 
  Tolmie, 
  

   Dawson. 
  Boas, 
  and 
  others, 
  our 
  knowledge 
  of 
  the 
  territorial 
  limits 
  

   of 
  this 
  linguistic 
  family 
  has 
  been 
  greatly 
  extended. 
  The 
  most 
  

   southern 
  outpost 
  of 
  the 
  family, 
  the 
  Tillamook 
  and 
  Nestucca, 
  were 
  

   established 
  on 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  Oregon, 
  about 
  50 
  miles 
  to 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  

   the 
  Columbia, 
  where 
  they 
  were 
  quite 
  separated 
  from 
  their 
  kindred 
  

   to 
  the 
  north 
  by 
  the 
  Chiuookan 
  tribes. 
  Beginning 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  side 
  

   of 
  Shoalwater 
  Bay, 
  Salishan 
  tribes 
  held 
  the 
  entire 
  northwestern 
  part 
  

   of 
  Washington, 
  including 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  the 
  Puget 
  Sound 
  region, 
  

   except 
  only 
  the 
  Macaw 
  territory 
  about 
  Cape 
  Flattery, 
  and 
  two 
  in- 
  

   significant 
  spots, 
  one 
  near 
  Port 
  Townsend, 
  the 
  other 
  on 
  the 
  Pacific 
  

   coast 
  to 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  Cape 
  Flattery, 
  which 
  were 
  occupied 
  by 
  Chi- 
  

   makuan 
  tribes. 
  Eastern 
  Vancouver 
  Island 
  to 
  about 
  midway 
  of 
  its 
  

   length 
  was 
  also 
  held 
  by 
  Salishan 
  tribes, 
  while 
  the 
  great 
  bulk 
  of 
  their 
  

   territory 
  lay 
  on 
  the 
  mainland 
  opposite 
  and 
  included 
  much 
  of 
  the 
  

   upper 
  Columbia. 
  On 
  the 
  south 
  they 
  were 
  hemmed 
  in 
  mainly 
  by 
  the 
  

   Shahaptian 
  tribes. 
  Upon 
  the 
  east 
  Salishan 
  tribes 
  dwelt 
  to 
  a 
  little 
  

   beyond 
  the 
  Arrow 
  Lakes 
  and 
  their 
  feeder, 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  extreme 
  north 
  

   forks 
  of 
  the 
  Columbia. 
  Upon 
  the 
  southeast 
  Salishan 
  tribes 
  extended 
  

   into 
  Montana, 
  including 
  the 
  upper 
  drainage 
  of 
  the 
  Columbia. 
  They 
  

   were 
  met 
  here 
  in 
  1804 
  by 
  Lewis 
  and 
  Clarke. 
  On 
  the 
  northeast 
  Salish 
  

   territory 
  extended 
  to 
  about 
  the 
  fifty-third 
  parallel. 
  In 
  the 
  north- 
  

   west 
  it 
  did 
  not 
  reach 
  the 
  Chilcat 
  River. 
  

  

  Within 
  the 
  territory 
  thus 
  indicated 
  there 
  is 
  considerable 
  diversity 
  

   of 
  customs 
  and 
  a 
  greater 
  diversity 
  of 
  language. 
  The 
  language 
  is 
  

   split 
  into 
  a 
  great 
  number 
  of 
  dialects, 
  many 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  doubtless 
  

   mutually 
  unintelligible. 
  

  

  The 
  relationship 
  of 
  this 
  family 
  to 
  the 
  Wakashan 
  is 
  a 
  very 
  inter- 
  

   esting 
  problem. 
  Evidences 
  of 
  radical 
  affinity 
  have 
  been 
  discovered 
  

   by 
  Boas 
  and 
  Gatschet, 
  and 
  the 
  careful 
  study 
  of 
  their 
  nature 
  and 
  

   extent 
  now 
  being 
  prosecuted 
  by 
  the 
  former 
  may 
  result 
  in 
  the 
  union 
  

   of 
  the 
  two, 
  though 
  until 
  recently 
  they 
  have 
  been 
  considered 
  quite 
  

   distinct. 
  

  

  

  PRINCIPAL 
  TRIBES. 
  

  

  

  At 
  nah. 
  

  

  Copalis. 
  

  

  Met'how. 
  

  

  Bellacoola. 
  

  

  Cowichin. 
  

  

  Nanaimo. 
  

  

  Chehalis. 
  

  

  Cowlitz. 
  

  

  Nanoos. 
  

  

  Clallam. 
  

  

  Dwamish. 
  

  

  Nehalim. 
  

  

  Colville. 
  

  

  Kwantlen. 
  

  

  Nespelum. 
  

  

  Comux. 
  

  

  Lummi. 
  

  

  Nicoiitamuch 
  

  

  