﻿powell.] 
  SHOSHONEAN 
  FAMILY. 
  109 
  

  

  of 
  tribes 
  and 
  vocabularies, 
  he 
  places 
  " 
  Shoshonees 
  " 
  among 
  his 
  other 
  

   families, 
  which 
  is 
  sufficient 
  to 
  show 
  that 
  he 
  regarded 
  them 
  as 
  a 
  dis- 
  

   tinct 
  linguistic 
  group. 
  The 
  vocabulary 
  he 
  possessed 
  was 
  by 
  Say. 
  

  

  Buschmann, 
  as 
  above 
  cited, 
  classes 
  the 
  Shoshonean 
  languages 
  as 
  a 
  

   northern 
  branch 
  of 
  his 
  Nahuatl 
  or 
  Aztec 
  family, 
  but 
  the 
  evidence 
  

   presented 
  for 
  this 
  connection 
  is 
  deemed 
  to 
  be 
  insufficient. 
  

  

  GEOGRAPHIC 
  DISTRIBUTION, 
  

  

  This 
  important 
  family 
  occupied 
  a 
  large 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  interior 
  

   basin 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States. 
  Upon 
  the 
  north 
  Shoshonean 
  tribes 
  ex- 
  

   tended 
  far 
  into 
  Oregon, 
  meeting 
  Shahaptian 
  territory 
  on 
  about 
  the 
  

   forty-fourth 
  parallel 
  or 
  along 
  the 
  Blue 
  Mountains. 
  Upon 
  the 
  north- 
  

   easi 
  the 
  eastern 
  limits 
  of 
  the 
  pristine 
  habitat 
  of 
  the 
  Shoshonean 
  tribes 
  

   are 
  unknown. 
  The 
  narrative 
  of 
  Lewis 
  and 
  Clarke' 
  contains 
  the 
  ex- 
  

   plicit 
  statement 
  that 
  the 
  Shoshoni 
  bands 
  encountered 
  upon 
  the 
  Jef- 
  

   ferson 
  River, 
  whose 
  summer 
  home 
  was 
  upon 
  the 
  head 
  waters 
  of 
  the 
  

   Columbia, 
  formerly 
  lived 
  within 
  their 
  own 
  recollection 
  in 
  the 
  plains 
  

   to 
  the 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  Rocky 
  Mountains, 
  whence 
  they 
  were 
  driven 
  to 
  

   their 
  mountain 
  retreats 
  by 
  the 
  Minnetaree 
  (Atsina), 
  who 
  hail 
  obtained 
  

   firearms. 
  Their 
  former 
  habitat 
  thus 
  given 
  is 
  indicated 
  upon 
  the 
  

   map. 
  although 
  the 
  eastern 
  limit 
  is 
  of 
  course 
  quite 
  indeterminate. 
  Very 
  

   likely 
  much 
  of 
  the 
  area 
  occupied 
  by 
  the 
  Atsina 
  was 
  formerly 
  Sho- 
  

   shonean 
  territory. 
  Later 
  a 
  division 
  of 
  the 
  Bannock 
  held 
  the 
  finest 
  

   portion 
  of 
  southwestern 
  Montana. 
  2 
  whence 
  apparently 
  they 
  were 
  be- 
  

   ing 
  pushed 
  westward 
  across 
  the 
  mountains 
  by 
  Blackfeet. 
  J 
  Upon 
  the 
  

   east 
  the 
  Tukuarika 
  or 
  Sheepeaters 
  held 
  the 
  Yellowstone 
  Park 
  coun- 
  

   try, 
  where 
  they 
  were 
  bordered 
  by 
  Siouan 
  territory, 
  while 
  the 
  Washaki 
  

   occupied 
  southwestern 
  Wyoming. 
  Nearly 
  the 
  entire 
  mountainous 
  

   part 
  of 
  Colorado 
  was 
  held 
  by 
  the 
  several 
  bands 
  of 
  the 
  Ute, 
  the 
  east- 
  

   ern 
  and 
  southeastern 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  being 
  held 
  respectively 
  by 
  

   the 
  Arapaho 
  and 
  Cheyenne 
  (Algonquian), 
  and 
  the 
  Kaiowe 
  (Kiowan). 
  

   To 
  the 
  southeast 
  the 
  Ute 
  country 
  included 
  the 
  northern 
  drainage 
  of 
  

   tin- 
  San 
  Juan, 
  extending 
  farther 
  east 
  a 
  short 
  distance 
  into 
  New 
  Mexico. 
  

   The 
  Comanche 
  division 
  of 
  the 
  family 
  extended 
  farther 
  east 
  than 
  any 
  

   other. 
  According 
  to 
  Crow 
  tradition 
  the 
  Comanche 
  formerly 
  lived 
  

   northward 
  in 
  the 
  Snake 
  River 
  region. 
  Omaha 
  tradition 
  avers 
  that 
  

   the 
  Comanche 
  were 
  on 
  the 
  Middle 
  Loup 
  River, 
  probably 
  within 
  the 
  

   present 
  century. 
  Bourgemont 
  found 
  a 
  Comanche 
  tribe 
  on 
  the 
  upper 
  

   Kansas 
  River 
  in 
  L724.' 
  According 
  to 
  Pike 
  the 
  Comanche 
  territory 
  

   bordered 
  the 
  Kaiowe 
  on 
  the 
  north, 
  the 
  former 
  occupying 
  the 
  head 
  

   waters 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  Red 
  River, 
  Arkansas, 
  and 
  Rio 
  Grande. 
  ' 
  How 
  

  

  'Allen 
  ed., 
  Philadelphia, 
  1814, 
  vol. 
  1, 
  p. 
  418. 
  

  

  'L'. 
  S. 
  Ind. 
  Aff.,1869, 
  p. 
  289. 
  

  

  a 
  Stevens 
  in 
  Pac. 
  R. 
  R. 
  Rep., 
  1855, 
  vol. 
  1, 
  p. 
  339. 
  

  

  4 
  Lewis 
  and 
  Clarke, 
  Allen 
  ed., 
  1814, 
  vol. 
  1, 
  p. 
  34. 
  

  

  5 
  Pike, 
  Expl. 
  to 
  sources 
  of 
  the 
  Miss., 
  app. 
  pt. 
  3, 
  16, 
  1810. 
  

  

  