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  INDIAN 
  LINGUISTIC 
  FAMILIES. 
  

  

  tude. 
  The 
  " 
  Shyennes 
  " 
  are 
  included 
  in 
  the 
  family 
  but 
  are 
  marked 
  

   as 
  doubtfully 
  belonging 
  here. 
  

  

  < 
  hving 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  "Sioux" 
  is 
  a 
  word 
  of 
  reproach 
  and 
  means 
  

   snake 
  <>v 
  enemy, 
  the 
  term 
  lias 
  been 
  discarded 
  by 
  many 
  later 
  writers 
  

   asa 
  family 
  designation, 
  and 
  "Dakota," 
  which 
  signifies 
  friend 
  or 
  ally, 
  

   has 
  been 
  employed 
  in 
  its 
  stead. 
  The 
  two 
  words 
  are, 
  however, 
  by 
  no 
  

   means 
  properly 
  synonymous. 
  The 
  term 
  ' 
  ' 
  Sioux 
  " 
  was 
  used 
  by 
  Gallatin 
  

   in 
  a 
  comprehensive 
  or 
  family 
  sense 
  and 
  was 
  applied 
  to 
  all 
  the 
  tribes 
  

   collectively 
  known 
  to 
  him 
  to 
  speak 
  kindred 
  dialects 
  of 
  a 
  widespread 
  

   language. 
  It 
  is 
  in 
  this 
  sense 
  only, 
  as 
  applied 
  to 
  the 
  linguistic 
  family, 
  

   that 
  the 
  term 
  is 
  here 
  employed. 
  The 
  term 
  " 
  Dahcota" 
  (Dakota) 
  was 
  

   correctly 
  applied 
  by 
  Gallatin 
  to 
  the 
  Dakota 
  tribes 
  proper 
  as 
  distin- 
  

   guished 
  from 
  the 
  other 
  members 
  of 
  the 
  linguistic 
  family 
  who 
  are 
  

   not 
  Dakotas 
  in 
  a 
  tribal 
  sense. 
  The 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  term 
  with 
  this 
  signifi- 
  

   cation 
  should 
  be 
  perpetuated. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  only 
  recently 
  that 
  a 
  definite 
  decision 
  has 
  been 
  reached 
  respect- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  relationship 
  of 
  the 
  Catawba 
  and 
  Woccon, 
  the 
  latter 
  an 
  extinct 
  

   tribe 
  known 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  linguistically 
  related 
  to 
  the 
  Catawba. 
  

   Gallatin 
  thought 
  that 
  he 
  was 
  able 
  to 
  discern 
  some 
  affinities 
  of 
  the 
  

   Catawban 
  language 
  with 
  "Muskhogee 
  and 
  even 
  with 
  Choctaw," 
  

   though 
  these 
  were 
  not 
  sufficient 
  to 
  induce 
  him 
  to 
  class 
  them 
  together. 
  

   Mr. 
  Gatschet 
  was 
  the 
  first 
  to 
  call 
  attention 
  to 
  the 
  presence 
  in 
  the 
  

   Catawba 
  language 
  of 
  a 
  considerable 
  number 
  of 
  words 
  having 
  a 
  

   Siouan 
  affinity. 
  

  

  Recently 
  Mr. 
  Dorsey 
  has 
  made 
  a 
  critical 
  examination 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  

   Catawba 
  linguistic 
  material 
  available, 
  which 
  has 
  been 
  materially 
  in- 
  

   creased 
  by 
  the 
  labors 
  of 
  Mr. 
  Gatschet, 
  and 
  the 
  result 
  seems 
  to 
  justify 
  

   its 
  inclusion 
  as 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  dialects 
  of 
  the 
  widespread 
  Siouan 
  family. 
  

  

  GEOGRAPHIC 
  DISTRIBUTION. 
  

  

  The 
  pristine 
  territory 
  of 
  this 
  family 
  was 
  mainly 
  in 
  one 
  body, 
  

   the 
  only 
  exceptions 
  being 
  the 
  habitats 
  of 
  the 
  Biloxi, 
  the 
  Tutelo, 
  the 
  

   Catawba 
  and 
  Woccon. 
  

  

  Contrary 
  to 
  the 
  popular 
  opinion 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  day, 
  the 
  general 
  

   trend 
  of 
  Siouan 
  migration 
  has 
  been 
  westward. 
  In 
  comparatively 
  

   late 
  prehistoric 
  times, 
  probably 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  Siouan 
  tribes 
  dwelt 
  east 
  

   of 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  River. 
  

  

  The 
  main 
  Siouan 
  territory 
  extended 
  from 
  about 
  53° 
  north 
  in 
  the 
  

   Hudson 
  Bay 
  Company 
  Territory, 
  to 
  about 
  33°, 
  including 
  a 
  consider- 
  

   able 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  watershed 
  of 
  the 
  Missouri 
  River 
  and 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  

   Upper 
  Mississippi. 
  It 
  was 
  bounded 
  on 
  the 
  northwest, 
  north, 
  north- 
  

   east, 
  and 
  for 
  some 
  distance 
  on 
  the 
  east 
  by 
  Algonquian 
  territory. 
  

   South 
  of 
  45° 
  north 
  the 
  line 
  ran 
  eastward 
  to 
  Lake 
  Michigan, 
  as 
  the 
  

   Green 
  Bay 
  region 
  belonged 
  to 
  the 
  Winnebago. 
  ' 
  

  

  'See 
  treaty 
  of 
  Prairie 
  du 
  Chien, 
  1825. 
  

  

  