﻿fowkll.] 
  SIOUAN 
  FAMILY. 
  113 
  

  

  It 
  extended 
  westward 
  from 
  Lake 
  Michigan 
  through 
  Illinois, 
  cross- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  River 
  at 
  Prairie 
  du 
  Chien. 
  At 
  this 
  point 
  began 
  

   the 
  Algonquian 
  territory 
  (Sac, 
  etc. 
  ) 
  on 
  the 
  west 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  Missis- 
  

   sippi, 
  extending 
  southward 
  to 
  the 
  Missouri, 
  and 
  crossing 
  that 
  river 
  

   it 
  returned 
  to 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  at 
  St. 
  Louis. 
  The 
  Siouan 
  tribes 
  claimed 
  

   all 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  States 
  of 
  Iowa 
  and 
  Missouri, 
  except 
  the 
  parts 
  occu- 
  

   pied 
  by 
  Algonquian 
  tribes. 
  The 
  dividing 
  line 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  for 
  a 
  

   short 
  distance 
  below 
  St. 
  Louis 
  was 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  River. 
  The 
  line 
  

   then 
  ran 
  west 
  of 
  Dunklin. 
  New 
  Madrid, 
  and 
  Pemiscot 
  Counties, 
  in 
  

   Missouri, 
  and 
  Mississippi 
  County 
  and 
  those 
  parts 
  of 
  Craighead 
  and 
  

   Poinsett 
  Counties, 
  Arkansas, 
  lying 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  St. 
  Francis 
  River. 
  

   Once 
  more 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  became 
  the 
  eastern 
  boundary, 
  but 
  in 
  this 
  

   case 
  separating 
  the 
  Siouan 
  from 
  the 
  Muskhogean 
  territory. 
  The 
  

   Qua 
  paw 
  or 
  Akansa 
  were 
  the 
  most 
  southerly 
  tribe 
  in 
  the 
  main 
  Siouan 
  

   territory. 
  In 
  1(373' 
  they 
  were 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  Mississippi. 
  Joutel 
  (1687) 
  

   located 
  two 
  of 
  their 
  villages 
  on 
  the 
  Arkansas 
  and 
  two 
  on 
  the 
  Missis- 
  

   sippi 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  being 
  on 
  the 
  east 
  bank, 
  in 
  our 
  present 
  State 
  of 
  

   Mississippi, 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  being 
  on 
  the 
  opposite 
  side, 
  in 
  Arkansas. 
  Shea 
  

   says 
  2 
  that 
  the 
  Kaskaskias 
  were 
  found 
  by 
  De 
  Soto 
  in 
  1540 
  in 
  latitude 
  

   36°, 
  and 
  that 
  the 
  Quapaw 
  were 
  higher 
  up 
  the 
  Mississippi. 
  But 
  we 
  

   know 
  that 
  the 
  southeast 
  corner 
  of 
  Missouri 
  and 
  the 
  northeast 
  corner 
  

   of 
  Arkansas, 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  St. 
  Francis 
  River, 
  belonged 
  to 
  Algonquian 
  

   tribes. 
  A 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  map 
  of 
  Arkansas 
  shows 
  reason 
  for 
  believ- 
  

   ing 
  that 
  there 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  a 
  slight 
  overlapping 
  of 
  habitats, 
  or 
  a 
  

   sort 
  of 
  debatable 
  ground. 
  At 
  any 
  rate 
  it 
  seems 
  advisable 
  to 
  compro- 
  

   mise, 
  and 
  assign 
  the 
  Quapaw 
  and 
  Osage 
  (Siouan 
  tribes) 
  all 
  of 
  Arkan- 
  

   sas 
  up 
  to 
  about 
  36° 
  north. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  southwest 
  of 
  the 
  Siouan 
  family 
  was 
  the 
  Southern 
  Caddoan 
  

   group, 
  the 
  boundary 
  extending 
  from 
  the 
  west 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  

   River 
  in 
  Louisiana, 
  nearly 
  opposite 
  Vicksburg, 
  Mississippi, 
  and 
  run- 
  

   ning 
  northwestwardly 
  to 
  the 
  bend 
  of 
  Red 
  River 
  between 
  Arkansas 
  

   and 
  Louisiana 
  ; 
  thence 
  northwest 
  along 
  the 
  divide 
  between 
  the 
  water- 
  

   sheds 
  of 
  the 
  Arkansas 
  and 
  Red 
  Rivers. 
  In 
  the 
  northwest 
  corner 
  of 
  

   Indian 
  Territory 
  the 
  Osages 
  came 
  in 
  contact 
  with 
  the 
  Comanche 
  

   (Shoshonean), 
  and 
  near 
  the 
  western 
  boundary 
  of 
  Kansas 
  the 
  Kiowa, 
  

   Cheyenne, 
  and 
  Arapaho 
  (the 
  two 
  latter 
  being 
  recent 
  Algonquian 
  

   intruders 
  ?) 
  barred 
  the 
  westward 
  march 
  of 
  the 
  Kansa 
  or 
  Kaw. 
  

  

  The 
  Pawnee 
  group 
  of 
  the 
  Caddoan 
  family 
  in 
  western 
  Nebraska 
  

   and 
  northwestern 
  Kansas 
  separated 
  the 
  Ponka 
  and 
  Dakota 
  on 
  the 
  

   north 
  from 
  the 
  Kansa 
  on 
  the 
  south, 
  and 
  the 
  Omaha 
  and 
  other 
  Siouan 
  

   tribes 
  on 
  the 
  east 
  from 
  Kiowa 
  and 
  other 
  tribes 
  on 
  the 
  west. 
  The 
  

   ( 
  tniaha 
  and 
  cognate 
  peoples 
  occupied 
  in 
  Nebraska 
  the 
  lower 
  part 
  of 
  

   the 
  Platte 
  River, 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  Elkhorn 
  Valley, 
  and 
  the 
  Ponka 
  claimed 
  

   the 
  region 
  watered 
  by 
  the 
  Niobrara 
  in 
  northern 
  Nebraska. 
  

  

  1 
  Marquette's 
  Autograph 
  Map. 
  ' 
  Disc, 
  of 
  Miss. 
  Valley, 
  p. 
  170, 
  note. 
  

  

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  ETH 
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